Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an increasingly popular technology for studying brain
function. NIRS presents several advantages relative to functional magnetic resonance …

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a promising technology for functional brain imaging
which measures hemodynamic signals from the cortex, similar to functional magnetic …

Attractive faces can be considered to be a form of visual reward. Previous imaging studies
have reported activity in reward structures including orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus …

In outcome-specific transfer, pavlovian cues that are predictive of specific outcomes bias
action choice toward actions associated with those outcomes. This transfer occurs despite no …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive,
motor, and emotional symptoms. The thalamus and basal ganglia form circuits with the cortex …

Successful learning is often contingent on feedback. In instrumental conditioning, an animal
or human learns to perform specific responses to obtain reward. Instrumental conditioning is …

Imaging studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) have demonstrated enhanced resting-state
activity of the amygdala as well as exaggerated reactivity to negative emotional stimuli …

Importance The antidepressant effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols for
major depressive disorder (MDD) are thought to depend on synaptic plasticity. The theta-burst …

The hemodynamic response measured by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is temporally
delayed from the onset of the underlying neural activity. As a consequence, NIRS based …

Human decision-making frequently relies on mental simulation of future rewards to guide
action choice. In this study, we sought to uncover brain regions engaged during reward …