Progressive loss of the ascending dopaminergic projection in the basal ganglia is a
fundamental pathological feature of Parkinson's disease. Studies in animals and humans have …

An influential concept in contemporary computational neuroscience is the reward prediction
error hypothesis of phasic dopaminergic function. It maintains that midbrain dopaminergic …

A selection problem arises whenever two or more competing systems seek simultaneous
access to a restricted resource. Consideration of several selection architectures suggests there …

We present a biologically plausible model of processing intrinsic to the basal ganglia based
on the computational premise that action selection is a primary role of these central brain …

Recent studies of the effects of stimulating the superior colliculus (SO in rodents suggest that
this structure mediates at least two classes of response to novel sensory stimuli. One class …

Unexpected stimuli that are behaviourally significant have the capacity to elicit a short-latency,
short-duration burst of firing in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurones. An influential …

Parallel, largely segregated, closed-loop projections are an important component of cortical–basal
ganglia–cortical connectional architecture. Here, we present the hypothesis that such …

The basal ganglia have been associated with processes of reinforcement learning. A strong
line of supporting evidence comes from the recording of dopamine (DA) neurones in …

In a companion paper a new functional architecture was proposed for the basal ganglia
based on the premise that these brain structures play a central role in behavioural action …

Imaging of scattered and reflected light from the surface of neural structures can reveal the
functional architecture within large populations of neurons. These techniques exploit, as one …