The anatomy of the mammalian visual system, from the retina to the neocortex, is organized
hierarchically 1 . However, direct observation of cellular-level functional interactions across …

Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP) interneurons in the cortex regulate feedback
inhibition of pyramidal neurons through suppression of somatostatin-expressing (SST) …

The mammalian visual system, from retina to neocortex, has been extensively studied at
both anatomical and functional levels. Anatomy indicates the cortico-thalamic system is …

Extracellular electrophysiology and two-photon calcium imaging are widely used methods
for measuring physiological activity with single-cell resolution across large populations of …

Identification of structural connections between neurons is a prerequisite to understanding
brain function. Here we developed a pipeline to systematically map brain-wide monosynaptic …

Scientists have long conjectured that the neocortex learns the structure of the environment
in a predictive, hierarchical manner. To do so, expected, predictable features are …

Scientists have long conjectured that the neocortex learns patterns in sensory data to generate
top-down predictions of upcoming stimuli. In line with this conjecture, different responses …

The apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons in sensory cortex receive primarily top-down
signals from associative and motor regions, while cell bodies and nearby dendrites are heavily …

Cortical columns interact through dynamic routing of neuronal activity. Monitoring these
interactions in animals performing a behavioral task as close as possible to real time will …

Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP) interneurons in cortex regulate feedback
inhibition of pyramidal neurons through suppression of somatostatin-expressing (SST) …