Optogenetics has been widely expanded to enhance or suppress neuronal activity and it
has been recently applied to glial cells. Here, we have used a new approach based on …

Astrocytes play crucial roles in brain homeostasis and are regulatory elements of neuronal
and synaptic physiology. Astrocytic alterations have been found in Major Depressive Disorder …

Autoantibodies against leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) are found in patients with
limbic encephalitis and focal seizures. Here, we generate patient-derived monoclonal …

Botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B) recognizes nerve terminals by binding to 2 receptor
components: a polysialoganglioside, predominantly GT1b, and synaptotagmin 1/2. It is widely …

The adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin facilitates synaptic transmission presynaptically via
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). In addition, cAMP also increases glutamate release …

Autoantibodies against leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) occur in patients with
encephalitis who present with frequent focal seizures and a pattern of amnesia consistent with …

Following the exocytosis of neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles, endocytosis is
fundamental to re-establishing conditions for synaptic transmission. As there are distinct …

Cannabinoid receptors are the most abundant G protein-coupled receptors in the brain and
they mediate retrograde short-term inhibition of neurotransmitter release, as well as long-…

From the early periods of neurogenesis and migration, up until synaptogenesis, both nitric
oxide (NO) and its downstream messenger, cGMP, are thought to influence the development …

The co-existence of presynaptic G protein coupled receptors, GPCRs, has received little
attention, despite the fact that interplay between the signaling pathways activated by such …