Since the last common ancestor shared by modern humans, chimpanzees and bonobos,
the lineage leading to Homo sapiens has undergone a substantial change in brain size and …

Nerve myelination facilitates saltatory action potential conduction and exhibits spatiotemporal
variation during development associated with the acquisition of behavioral and cognitive …

The high energetic costs of human brain development have been hypothesized to explain
distinctive human traits, including exceptionally slow and protracted preadult growth. Although …

The cortical circuits subserving neural processing of human language are localized to the
inferior frontal operculum and the posterior perisylvian region. Functional language …

A systematic classification and accepted nomenclature of neuron types is much needed but
is currently lacking. This article describes a possible taxonomical solution for classifying …

Evidence from comparative studies of gene expression and evolution suggest that human
neocortical neurons may be characterized by unusually high levels of energy metabolism. The …

The study of hominin brain evolution has focused largely on the neocortical expansion and
reorganization undergone by humans as inferred from the endocranial fossil record. …

Neural changes that occurred during human evolution to support language are poorly
understood. As a basis of comparison to humans, we used design-based stereological methods to …

Von Economo neurons (VENs), previously found in humans, all of the great ape species, and
four cetacean species, are also present in African and Indian elephants. The VENs in the …

The granular dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is an evolutionary specialization of
primates that is centrally involved in cognition. We assessed more than 600,000 single-nucleus …