Animals susceptible to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) exhibit depression-related
behaviors, with aberrant transcription across several limbic brain regions, most notably in the …

Background Global changes in gene expression underlying circuit and behavioral dysregulation
associated with cocaine addiction remain incompletely understood. Here, we show how …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. There is an
urgent need for objective biomarkers to diagnose this highly heterogeneous syndrome, assign …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a primary brain reward region composed predominantly of
medium spiny neurons (MSNs). In response to early withdrawal from repeated cocaine …

Background The onset and persistence of addiction phenotypes are, in part, mediated by
transcriptional mechanisms in the brain that affect gene expression and, subsequently, neural …

Background The ability of neurons to respond to external stimuli involves adaptations of gene
expression. Induction of the transcription factor ΔFOSB in the nucleus accumbens, a key …

Paternal stress can induce long-lasting changes in germ cells potentially propagating
heritable changes across generations. To date, no studies have investigated differences in …

Background Lasting changes in gene expression in brain reward regions, including nucleus
accumbens (NAc), contribute to persistent functional changes in the addicted brain. We and …

Background Major depressive disorder is a pervasive and debilitating syndrome characterized
by mood disturbances, anhedonia, and alterations in cognition. While the prevalence of …

Background Social experiences influence susceptibility to substance use disorder. The
adolescent period is associated with the development of social reward and is exceptionally …