The chemogenetic technology DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer
drugs) is widely used for remote manipulation of neuronal activity in freely moving animals…

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an endogenous insulinotropic peptide secreted from the
gastrointestinal tract in response to food intake. It enhances pancreatic islet β-cell …

Compulsive drinking despite serious adverse medical, social and economic consequences
is a characteristic of alcohol use disorders in humans. Although frontal cortical areas have …

Free radicals are involved in neurodegenerative disorders, such as ischemia and aging. We
have previously demonstrated that treatment with diets enriched with blueberry, spinach, or …

Adaptive optics by direct imaging of the wavefront distortions of a laser-induced guide star
has long been used in astronomy, and more recently in microscopy to compensate for …

Learned associations between effects of abused drugs and the drug administration environment
are important in drug addiction. Histochemical and electrophysiological studies suggest …

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) contributes to reward and motivation signaling. In addition
to the well established populations of dopamine (DA) or GABA VTA neurons, glutamatergic …

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contains the largest group of serotonin-producing neurons
in the brain and projects to regions controlling reward. Although pharmacological studies …

All forms of diabetes mellitus (DM) are characterized by the loss of functional pancreatic β
cell mass, leading to insufficient insulin secretion. Thus, identification of novel approaches to …

Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins known to be
involved in learning and memory. Dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons play important …