Periaxonal and nodal plasticities modulate action potential conduction in the adult mouse brain

Cell Rep. 2021 Jan 19;34(3):108641. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108641.

Abstract

Central nervous system myelination increases action potential conduction velocity. However, it is unclear how myelination is coordinated to ensure the temporally precise arrival of action potentials and facilitate information processing within cortical and associative circuits. Here, we show that myelin sheaths, supported by mature oligodendrocytes, remain plastic in the adult mouse brain and undergo subtle structural modifications to influence action potential conduction velocity. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and spatial learning, two stimuli that modify neuronal activity, alter the length of the nodes of Ranvier and the size of the periaxonal space within active brain regions. This change in the axon-glial configuration is independent of oligodendrogenesis and robustly alters action potential conduction velocity. Because aptitude in the spatial learning task was found to correlate with action potential conduction velocity in the fimbria-fornix pathway, modifying the axon-glial configuration may be a mechanism that facilitates learning in the adult mouse brain.

Keywords: action potential; computational modeling; conduction velocity; myelin; node of Ranvier; oligodendrocyte; periaxonal space; plasticity; spatial learning; transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Action Potentials / genetics*
  • Animals
  • Axons / metabolism*
  • Brain / physiopathology*
  • Mice