Ultrasonic vocalizations as a fundamental tool for early and adult behavioral phenotyping of Autism Spectrum Disorder rodent models

In rodent models of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), the study of ultrasonic vocalizations has provided the unique opportunity to evaluate social communication and interaction in ethologically-appropriate contexts, behavioral domains relevant to the first core symptom of ASD. In the present review, we selected and evaluated ultrasonic vocalizations' data collected in rodent models of ASD in different experimental settings, either in the neonatal phase or in adulthood. Both quantitative (calling rates) and qualitative (range and shape of the vocal repertoire) abnormalities have been evidenced. The aim of our work was to highlight several promises and a few caveats in the use of ultrasonic vocalizations for behavioral phenotyping of ASD models and give some suggestions to maximize the translational value of these studies.