Striatal neurons directly converted from Huntington's disease patient fibroblasts recapitulate age-associated disease phenotypes

Nat Neurosci. 2018 Mar;21(3):341-352. doi: 10.1038/s41593-018-0075-7. Epub 2018 Feb 5.

Abstract

In Huntington's disease (HD), expansion of CAG codons in the huntingtin gene (HTT) leads to the aberrant formation of protein aggregates and the differential degeneration of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Modeling HD using patient-specific MSNs has been challenging, as neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells are free of aggregates and lack an overt cell death phenotype. Here we generated MSNs from HD patient fibroblasts through microRNA-based direct neuronal conversion, bypassing the induction of pluripotency and retaining age signatures of the original fibroblasts. We found that patient MSNs consistently exhibited mutant HTT (mHTT) aggregates, mHTT-dependent DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and spontaneous degeneration in culture over time. We further provide evidence that erasure of age stored in starting fibroblasts or neuronal conversion of presymptomatic HD patient fibroblasts results in differential manifestation of cellular phenotypes associated with HD, highlighting the importance of age in modeling late-onset neurological disorders.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aging / pathology*
  • DNA Damage
  • Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / genetics
  • Fibroblasts / pathology*
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Humans
  • Huntingtin Protein / biosynthesis
  • Huntingtin Protein / genetics
  • Huntington Disease / pathology*
  • MicroRNAs / genetics
  • Mitochondrial Diseases / pathology
  • Neostriatum / pathology*
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / pathology
  • Neurons / pathology*
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Phenotype
  • Pluripotent Stem Cells

Substances

  • HTT protein, human
  • Huntingtin Protein
  • MicroRNAs