Novel images and novel locations of familiar images as sensitive translational cognitive tests in humans

Object recognition is a sensitive cognitive test to detect effects of genetic and environmental factors on cognition in rodents. There are various versions of object recognition that have been used since the original test was reported by Ennaceur and Delacour in 1988. There are nonhuman primate and human primate versions of object recognition as well, allowing cross-species comparisons. As no language is required for test performance, object recognition is a very valuable test for human research studies in distinct parts of the world, including areas where there might be less years of formal education. The main focus of this review is to illustrate how object recognition can be used to assess cognition in humans under normal physiological and neurological conditions.