This paper is the thirty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2012 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
Keywords: 5-HT; ACTH; ANG; ATP; Ach; BAM22; BDNF; BEND; BFNA; BNST; Beta-endorphin; C/P; CART; CB; CCK; CGRP; CPP; CRF; CTAP; Ca(2+); DA; DADL; DAMGO; DOR; DPDPE; DRG; DRN; DYN; Dynorphin, Orphanin FQ/nociceptin; ERK; Endomorphins; Enk; Enkephalins; FMRI; FSH; G-protein-coupled receptor kinases; GABA; GHRH; GI; GRK; HIV; HPA; HPLC; ICSS; K(+); KO; KOR; LC; LH; LPS; LTP; Lenk; M3G; M6G; MAPK; MCH; MOR; MSH; Menk; N-methyl-d-aspartate; NAC; NBNI; NE; NMDA; NO; NOS; NPY; NTI; NTS; Na+; OFQ/N; ORL-1; OXY; Opiate receptors; PAG; PBN; PCA; PDYN; PKA; PKC; POFQ/N; POMC; PTSD; PVN; Penk; RVM; SIA; SNP; SP; STZ; THC; TMJ; TNF; VMH; VP; VTA; acetylcholine; adenosine triphosphate; adrenocorticotrophic hormone; angiotensin; bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; beta-endorphin; beta-funaltrexamine; bovine adrenal medulla 22; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; calcitonin gene-related peptide; calcium; cannabinoid; caudate/putamen; cholecystokinin; cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript; conditioned place preference; corticotropin factor; d-Ala(2),Nme(4),Gly-ol(5)-enkephalin; d-Ala(2),d-Leu(5)-enkephalin; d-Pen(2),d-Pen(5)-enkephalin; d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 cyclic; delta opioid receptor; dopamine; dorsal raphe nucleus; dorsal root ganglion; dynorphin; enkephalin; extracellular regulated signal kinases; follicle stimulating hormone; functional magnetic resonance imaging; gamma-amino-butyric acid; gastrointestinal; growth hormone releasing hormone; high-performance liquid chromatography; human immunodeficiency virus; hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal; intracranial self-stimulation; kappa opioid receptor; knockout; l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; l-DOPA; leu-enkephalin; leutinizing hormone; lipopolysaccharide; locus coeruleus; long-term potentiation; melanin concentrating hormone; melanocyte stimulating hormone; met-enkephalin; mitogen-activated protein kinase; morphine-3-glucuronide; morphine-6-glucuronide; mu opioid receptor; naltrindole; neuropeptide Y; nitric oxide; nitric oxide synthase; nociceptin; nor-binaltorphamine; norepinephrine; nucleus accumbens; nucleus tractus solitarius; orphan receptor like receptor; oxytocin; parabrachial nucleus; paraventricular nucleus; patient-controlled analgesia; periaqueductal gray; post-traumatic stress disorder; potassium; preprodynorphin; preproenkephalin; prepronociceptin/orphanin FQ; pro-opiomelanocortin; protein kinase A; protein kinase C; rostral ventromedial medulla; serotonin; single nucleotide polymorphism; sodium; streptozotocin; stress-induced analgesia; substance P; temporomandibular joint; tetrahydrocannibinol; tumor necrosis factor; vasopressin; ventral tegmental area; ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
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