We have used the technique of spatial facilitation to examine the interactions between the signals conveyed by the corticospinal tract and those of cutaneous afferents in the hindlimb of the intact, walking cat. Microstimulation was applied to 20 cortical sites in the hindlimb representation of the motor cortex and to three different cutaneous nerves innervating the hindpaw in four cats. Conditioning stimuli to the motor cortex induced both facilitation and depression of cutaneous reflexes evoked by stimulation of nerves in the hindlimb contralateral to the cortical stimulation site. Facilitation was most frequently evoked by conditioning stimuli in the range of 10-30 ms before the cutaneous stimulation; depression was normally evoked by shorter and longer conditioning delays. Similar changes were observed after conditioning stimuli to the pyramidal tract, suggesting that the changes were independent of any changes in cortical excitability. Modulation of reflex activity varied according to the muscle under study, the cutaneous nerve used to evoke the reflex and the cortical site used to condition the reflex. Together, these results suggest that there is spatial convergence of corticospinal and cutaneous afferent activity and that this convergence is mediated by distinct subpopulations of spinal interneurons.