Abstract
Contribution of circadian mechanisms to the psychostimulant-induced behaviors has been suggested. The pineal gland is important component of circadian mechanisms. Using pinealectomized mice and sham-operated controls, we tested the contribution of pineal gland to the rewarding effects of cocaine in conditioned place preference test. Experiments were performed both during the day and at night. Controls with intact pineal glands demonstrated significant decrease in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference at night compared to daytime, whereas pinealectomized mice did not show any diurnal differences. Circadian mechanisms regulated by the pineal gland thus appear critically involved in cocaine-induced reward.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Behavior, Animal
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Brain Chemistry / drug effects
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Brain Chemistry / genetics
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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Circadian Rhythm / drug effects*
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Circadian Rhythm / physiology
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Cocaine / administration & dosage
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Cocaine / adverse effects
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Cocaine-Related Disorders / genetics
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Cocaine-Related Disorders / metabolism
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Cocaine-Related Disorders / psychology*
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Conditioning, Psychological / drug effects
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Gene Expression / drug effects
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Gene Expression / genetics
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Injections, Intraperitoneal
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Melatonin / pharmacology
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred C3H
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Mice, Knockout
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Nuclear Proteins / drug effects
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Nuclear Proteins / genetics
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Period Circadian Proteins
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Pineal Gland / metabolism
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Pineal Gland / physiology*
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Pineal Gland / surgery
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Serotonin / analogs & derivatives*
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Serotonin / pharmacology
Substances
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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Nuclear Proteins
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Per1 protein, mouse
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Period Circadian Proteins
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Serotonin
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Cocaine
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Melatonin
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N-acetylserotonin