Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) includes anatomical, physicochemical, and biochemical mechanisms that control the exchange of materials between blood and brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus two distinct systems, the BBB and the blood-CSF barrier systems, control cerebral homeostasis. However, both systems are unique, the BBB having a 5000-fold greater surface area than the blood-CSF barrier (1,2). The concentrations of substances in brain interstitium, which is determined by transport through the BBB, can differ markedly from concentrations in CSF, the composition of which is determined by secretory processes in the choroid plexus epithelia (3). This review will focus on cellular components of cerebral vessels with emphasis on endothelium, basement membrane, and pericytes as well as the perivascular macrophage (Figs. 1 and 2 A), which in light of new information is distinct from pericytes. This review deals less with pathogenesis and more with some of the molecules that have been discovered in these cell types in the past decade. Although astrocytes invest 99% of the brain surface of the capillary basement membrane and are important in induction and maintenance of the BBB, this topic will not be discussed and readers are referred to reviews in the literature (4–11).
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Nag, S. (2003). Morphology and Molecular Properties of Cellular Components of Normal Cerebral Vessels. In: Nag, S. (eds) The Blood-Brain Barrier. Methods in Molecular Medicine™, vol 89. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-419-0:3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-419-0:3
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