Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
REVIEW ARTICLEBlink Rate Abnormalities in Autistic and Mentally Retarded Children: Relationship to Dopaminergic Activity
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Cited by (30)
Dopaminergic hypo-activity and reduced theta-band power in autism spectrum disorder: A resting-state EEG study
2019, International Journal of PsychophysiologyCitation Excerpt :Moreover, DA levels, as indexed by EBRs in typically developing (TD) individuals, have been used to indirectly link theory of mind abilities (Lackner et al., 2010), executive functions (Zhang et al., 2015), and reward processing (Barkley-Levenson and Galvan, 2017) to dopaminergic activity. To date, only one study has examined spontaneous EBR in ASD (Goldberg et al., 1987). These authors found that low-ability children with ASD had the highest EBR compared to TD children and children with intellectual disability, and suggested that elevated EBR in ASD was indicative of dopaminergic hyperactivity.
Event related potential analysis techniques for autism spectrum disorders: A review
2018, International Journal of Developmental NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :It was also noted that the classifier performance is much higher when eye blink artifacts are retained in the data and is unaffected by gender bias. The study supports the previous literature that eye blink removal can result in concealing information that is predictive of autism (Goldberg et al., 1987). PLI, owing to its robustness to volume conduction, has been commonly used to study functional connectivity in brain.
Spontaneous eye blink rate as predictor of dopamine-related cognitive function—A review
2016, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Seventh, EBR was increased in boys with fragile X syndrome and smaller changes in EBR from resting conditions to active cognitive tasks were associated with more problem behavior (Roberts et al., 2005). Finally, EBR was increased in children with autism (Goldberg et al., 1987), in individuals with panic disorder (Kojima et al., 2002), progressive supranuclear palsy (Bologna et al., 2016, 2009; Golbe et al., 1989; Karson et al., 1984b; Reddy et al., 2013), Prader-Willi syndrome as compared to those with intellectual disability (Holsen and Thompson, 2004), and in a patient with Wilson disease (Verma et al., 2012). On the other hand, EBR was reduced in iron-deficient anemic infants (Lozoff et al., 2010), in children with traumatic brain injury (Konrad et al., 2003) or epilepsy (Caplan et al., 1998; Schelkunov et al., 1986), and in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Byrne et al., 2013), whereas there was no altered EBR in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (Garcia et al., 2011), or cerebrovascular lesions (Anagnostou et al., 2012).
They cannot hear, talk, and see in sensible ways: The impact of personality disorders on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections
2015, Journal of the National Medical AssociationSpontaneous eyeblink activity
2011, Ocular SurfaceCitation Excerpt :For instance, low SBR is observed in conditions with hypodopamine activity, such as Parkinson disease,82–85 mental retardation and repetitive behavior disorder,86,87 progressive supranuclear palsy,88,89 alcohol abuse,1 recreational cocaine use,90 and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.91 SBR is high in conditions with hyperdominergic activity like Huntington disease,92 schizophrenia,8,93–95 or focal dystonia92 and in neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism,87 Prader-Willi syndrome,96 depression,95 psychosis,97,98 panic disorder,62 and fragile X syndrome.99 Table 1 summarizes the reported quantitative data on the effect of different psychological and medical conditions on the blink rate.