Elsevier

Redox Biology

Volume 13, October 2017, Pages 452-458
Redox Biology

Redox regulation of proteasome function

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.07.005Get rights and content
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Abstract

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) were initially regarded mainly as metabolic by-products with damaging properties. Over the last decade, our understanding of their role in metabolism was drastically changed and they were recognized as essential mediators in cellular signaling cascades, as well as modulators of biochemical pathways. Proteostasis is highly affected by the various levels of intracellular and extracellular free radicals with either mild or severe outcomes. As part of the proteostatic network, the proteasome system is equally affected by redox alterations. This short review summarizes the effects of oxidative stress on proteasome status while it also recapitulates conditions and processes where redox alterations signal changes to proteasome expression, assembly and function.

Abbreviations

Abcd1
ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 1
AD
Alzheimer's disease
ALD
adrenoleukodystrophy
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
AP-1
activator protein-1
APP
amyloid precursor protein
CNS
central nervous system
DDI
DNA-damage inducible 1
D-gal
D-galactose
DS
down syndrome
E1
ubiquitin-activating enzyme
E2
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme
E3
ubiquitin-ligase
E4
ubiquitin-prolongation enzyme
ER
endoplasmic reticulum
ΕRK
extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ESCs
embryonic stem cells
γ-GCS
γ-glutamylcysteinesynthetase
GPX1
glutathione peroxidase-1
GST
glutathione s-transferase
HD
Huntington's disease
HFL-1
human fetal lung fibroblasts
HIF-1
hypoxia inducible factor 1
HO-1
heme oxygenase 1
HSF
heat shock factor
IFN-γ
interferon-γ
JNKs
c-Jun N-terminal κinases
Keap1
kelch-like ECH associated protein 1
Maf
musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma protein
MAPKs
mitogen- activated protein kinases
MEFs
mouse embryonic fibroblasts
NF-kB
nuclear factor-kappa B
Nrf2
nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2
NOX
NADPH oxidase
NQO-1
NAD(P)H quinoneoxidoreductase- 1
PARP
poly ADP-ribose polymerase
PKC
protein kinase C
ROS
reactive oxygen species
RNS
reactive nitrogen species
SKN-1
skinhead-1
SESN
sestrin
SINGs
stress-induced nuclear granules
SIRT-1
sirtuin-1
SOD1
superoxide dismutase 1
TNF
tumor necrosis factor
UBC1
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 1
UCHL1
C-terminal hydrolase L1
UPS
ubiquitin proteasome system
18α GA
18α-glycyrrhetinic acid

Keywords

Oxidative stress
Proteasome
Free radicals
Redox status

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