ReviewCurrent animal models of obsessive compulsive disorder: an update
Highlights
▶We review currently active animal models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). ▶Provide a guide for establishing new/evaluating existent animal models of OCD. ▶Evaluate the validity of current animal models of OCD. ▶Describe potential new treatments emerging from convergence of data from different models. ▶Discuss modeling different subtypes or dimensions of OCD by different animal models.
Section snippets
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
OCD is a psychiatric affliction with a lifetime prevalence of 1–3% (Rasmussen and Eisen, 1992, Sasson et al., 1997). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed; DSM IV-TR) classifies OCD as an anxiety disorder characterized by obsessive thinking (persistent ideas, thoughts, impulses or images that are experienced as intrusive and inappropriate) and compulsive behavior (repetitive behaviors or mental acts [e.g. hand-washing, checking, praying, counting]) that are time
Criteria for validating animal models of OCD
Previous papers have provided a thorough discussion of criteria for the validation and evaluation of animal models of psychopathology in general (Geyer and Markow, 1995, Matthysse 1986, McKinney 1988, McKinney and Bunney 1969, Willner 1984, Willner 1986, Willner 1991) and of OCD in particular (Albelda and Joel, in press, Joel, 2006a). In the present paper we treat phenomenological similarity between the behavior in the animal model and the specific symptoms of the human condition as
Animal models of OCD
Animal models of OCD are typically divided into three classes according to the method used to induce compulsive-like behavior, namely, genetic, pharmacological or behavioral manipulation. Recently a neurodevelopmental model of OCD has been presented, and it represents the first model of a new class, neurodevelopmental models.
Conclusions
Table 1 summarizes our evaluation of the face, predictive and construct validity of each of the models reviewed. On the basis of this evaluation we discuss the usefulness of the different models for screening drugs for anti-compulsive activity, detecting new targets for high frequency stimulation, studying the neural mechanisms of OCD and unraveling the role of gonadal hormones. We then describe potential new treatment strategies that emerge from the convergence of data obtained in different
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