Cognitive, Behavioral, and Systems NeuroscienceResearch PaperSucrose modifies c-fos mRNA expression in the brain of rats maintained on feeding schedules
Graphical Abstract
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Highlights
▶Scheduled feeding induces neuronal c-fos mRNA expression during FAA. ▶Feeding schedules on chow affect medial hypothalamus. ▶Adding sucrose displaces the neuronal activation from the medial hypothalamus. ▶Sucrose anticipation stimulates the limbic and reward-related brain areas. ▶Brain contains different food-related oscillatory systems.
Section snippets
Animals and housing conditions
Male Wistar rats (n=76), aged 6 weeks, were purchased from the Canadian Breeding Laboratories (St.-Constant, QC, Canada). Animals were housed individually in plastic cages lined with wood shavings and maintained on a 12:12-h dark–light cycle [light-on between 06h00 (Zeitgeber time 0—ZT0) and 18h00 (ZT12)], with ambient temperature of 23±1 °C, free access to tap water, and the standard laboratory rat diet (Rat/Mouse/Hamster chow; 1000 Formula; 12.9 kJ/g; Agway Prolab), unless otherwise
Food intake, energy intake, and body weight
Ad-libitum-fed rats showed a slow gradual increase of their daily chow intake over the 3 weeks of the experiment (for 1.34 times over 3 weeks from 23.52±0.86 g on the first day to 31.59±1.35 g on the last, 21st day of the experiment; P=0.001). The increase in the daily chow intake of rats maintained on scheduled access to chow was also sustained and gradual. In total, the SC rats increased their chow intake by 16 times over the 3 weeks (from 1.68±0.31 g on the first day to 25.19±1.36 g on the
Discussion
The present data provide evidence that adding sucrose to feeding schedules alters the pattern of neuronal activation during food anticipation and following feeding. We recently described the pattern of induction of c-fos mRNA expression in the brains of rats maintained on scheduled daily access to chow (Poulin and Timofeeva, 2008). This treatment led to the activation of the DMH, PVTa, and SHi as early as 3 h before the expected meal, the time when the animals start to express FAA. As the time
Conclusion
The present results have demonstrated that adding sucrose to daily scheduled feeding displaced neuronal anticipatory activity from the medial and lateral tuberal hypothalamus to the lateral anterior hypothalamus as well as to the prefrontal cortex and the ventral striatum. The dorsomedial paraventricular thalamus, which interconnects the hypothalamic and limbic regions, was similarly activated by both treatments. The present data provide evidence that the dorsomedial thalamo-hypothalamic loop
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Canadian Institutes of Health Research. E.T. is a scholar of Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec (FRSQ) and A.M. is a scholar of the Medicine Faculty of Laval University. We thank Julie Plamondon and Pierre Samson for technical assistance.
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