Pain Mechanisms and Sensory NeuroscienceResearch PaperVesicular glutamate transporters: spatio-temporal plasticity following hearing loss
Research highlights
▶vGluT3 is expressed and produced in the cochlear nucleus. ▶Activity level governs neuronal compartmentalization of vGluTs. ▶Plasticity dependent co-localization of vGluTs occurs after hearing loss. ▶Activity dependent somatic localization of vGluTs suggests retrograde signaling.
Section snippets
Experimental procedures
All experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Wayne State University and conform to NIH guidelines. Adult, male Sprague–Dawley rats (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA) were used in this study.
Cochlear ablation results in profound hearing loss
To determine the hearing status of each of the animals, auditory brainstem responses were analyzed prior to and after cochlear hair cell ablation. Normal hearing animals showed average thresholds of 30 dB at 4 kHz, 28 dB at 12 kHz, and 30 dB at 20 kHz. In no case did any animal have detectable thresholds (up to 100 dB) at 3 days, 3 weeks, or 2 months following cochlear hair cell ablation (Fig. 1A) at any frequency tested. The absence of ABR thresholds following cochlear hair cell ablation
Discussion
In the current study we report the distribution of vGluT3 in the CN. We also demonstrate spatial and temporal changes in gene expression for all three vGluTs as a consequence of deafness. Previous studies of other systems support the idea of a complementary distribution of vGluTs (one neuron produces one vGluT) with vGluT1 reported primarily in cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellar cortex, vGluT2 reported in neurons of the thalamus and brainstem and vGluT3 reported in the caudate-putamen, the
Acknowledgments
These studies were supported by R03 NIDCD Grant DC007733 to AGH, and P30 Grants (Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University; Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of MI). We would like to acknowledge the technical assistance of K. Vistisen with Western blot and Dr. R. Armant for assistance with Agilent analysis. We thank Dr. J. Erickson for providing control peptides for the mfusion-vGluT antibodies and Dr. M. Drescher for critical comments about the Organ of Corti analysis. We
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The effects of unilateral cochlear ablation on the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 in the lower auditory pathway of neonatal rats
2017, Auris Nasus LarynxCitation Excerpt :We have shown that VGLUT1 expression in the CN and the SOC is markedly affected by unilateral cochlear ablation in neonatal rats. Because previous pioneering studies have demonstrated that VGLUT1 immunoreactivity in the auditory pathways is located both in the axon terminals and in the soma [15], it would be intriguing to investigate whether the changes in VGLUT1 expression shown in this study involved VGLUT1 in the axon terminals or VGLUT1 in the soma. Unfortunately, because it was technically difficult to measure VGLUT1 signal intensities in the axon terminal and those in the soma, separately, our quantification included VGLUT1 signal intensities both in axon terminal and in the soma.
Noise-induced hearing loss: Neuropathic pain via Ntrk1 signaling
2016, Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :At a higher magnification, Gabrg3 appeared as puncta surrounding the soma of numerous neurons (Fig. 4C). At 28 days post-exposure, Gabrg3 labeling in the noise-exposed VCN was slightly intense at the periphery of soma (Fig. 4B) and was present as dark puncta in the soma and to a lesser extent the surrounding neuropils (Fig. 4D) consistent with previous findings (Fyk-Kolodziej et al., 2011). Fig. 5 demonstrated fluorescent co-labeling of Gabrg3 (red) with Slc17a8 (vesicular glutamate transporter 3, Vglut3, green) in the VCN of sham controls (Fig. 5A–C) and in the VCN at 28 days post-exposure (Fig. 5D–F).
Auditory nerve synapses persist in ventral cochlear nucleus long after loss of acoustic input in mice with early-onset progressive hearing loss
2015, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Central auditory system factors such as deafness-related synaptic alterations, cortical and subcortical reorganization, and capacity for plasticity likely play a critical role in determining outcomes in hearing device recipients. Studies have demonstrated loss of auditory nerve synapses in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) after acoustic overexposure (Kim et al., 2004), surgical destruction of the cochlea (Fyk-Kolodziej et al., 2011; Gentschev and Sotelo, 1973), and application of ototoxic substances (Yuan et al., 2014; Zeng et al., 2009a), but the effects of other forms of acquired deafness on these synapses are unclear. Mouse models provide an efficient means of investigating the effects of different forms of acquired hearing loss on the central auditory system including hereditary and environmental determinants of synaptic integrity.