Neuron
Volume 89, Issue 5, 2 March 2016, Pages 1031-1045
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Article
Cross-Modality Sharpening of Visual Cortical Processing through Layer-1-Mediated Inhibition and Disinhibition

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.027Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • Layer (L)5 neurons in A1 project directly to superficial layers of V1

  • Sound sharpens orientation selectivity of V1 L2/L3 pyramidal neurons

  • V1 L1 neurons, strongly innervated by A1 axons, mediate the sharpening effect

  • Visual responses of V1 L2/L3 VIP neurons are differentially suppressed by sound

Summary

Cross-modality interaction in sensory perception is advantageous for animals’ survival. How cortical sensory processing is cross-modally modulated and what are the underlying neural circuits remain poorly understood. In mouse primary visual cortex (V1), we discovered that orientation selectivity of layer (L)2/3, but not L4, excitatory neurons was sharpened in the presence of sound or optogenetic activation of projections from primary auditory cortex (A1) to V1. The effect was manifested by decreased average visual responses yet increased responses at the preferred orientation. It was more pronounced at lower visual contrast and was diminished by suppressing L1 activity. L1 neurons were strongly innervated by A1-V1 axons and excited by sound, while visual responses of L2/L3 vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons were suppressed by sound, both preferentially at the cell’s preferred orientation. These results suggest that the cross-modality modulation is achieved primarily through L1 neuron- and L2/L3 VIP-cell-mediated inhibitory and disinhibitory circuits.

Keywords

primary visual cortex
in vivo patch-clamp recording
Ca2+ imaging
auditory cortex
cross-modal interaction
interneuron

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