PER2 rhythms in the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of the diurnal grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus)
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Anthony Francis Yuhas for technical assistance. This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health RO1 MH53433.
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Circadian neurogenetics and its implications in neurophysiology, behavior, and chronomedicine
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2021, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsPlastic oscillators and fixed rhythms: Changes in the phase of clock-gene rhythms in the PVN are not reflected in the phase of the melatonin rhythm of grass rats
2015, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Since PER 1 and 2 appear to have redundant roles in circadian regulation (for example see (Maywood et al., 2014), these results serve to extend previous observations of phase differences in extra-SCN oscillators between grass rats and nocturnal rodents (Ramanathan et al., 2010b) to a hypothalamic nucleus with connections to autonomic neurons (Swanson and Kuypers, 1980; Swanson and Sawchenko, 1980; Swanson et al., 1980; Teclemariam-Mesbah et al., 1999) and to pre-autonomic brain sites (Stern, 2001; Kalsbeek et al., 2011). Species differences in the phase of the PVN oscillator may be responsible for the divergent phases of diurnal and nocturnal mammalian species with respect to rhythms that are controlled by autonomic outputs (Scheer et al., 1999, 2001; Duarte et al., 2003; Scheer et al., 2003) Thus, these observations support the hypothesis that the emergence of a diurnal profile in mammals depends, at least in part, upon a reversal of the phase of extra-SCN oscillators from that typical of nocturnal species with respect to the phase of the oscillator of the SCN (Ramanathan et al., 2010a,b) and the light-dark cycle. The results of Experiment 1B show that access to running wheels increases the amplitude of the PER1 protein rhythm in the PVN of grass rats, and that the phase of that rhythm, as well as that of PER2 protein when present, is associated with the animals’ phase preference for the display of activity.
Circadian modulation of memory and plasticity gene products in a diurnal species
2014, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :The phases of clock-gene rhythms of extra-SCN oscillators, such as the one in the hippocampus, are 180° out of phase when diurnal grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus) are compared to nocturnal rodents. Specifically, Ramanathan et al. (2008a, 2008b, 2010a, 2010b) reported that Period (PER) 2 expression peaks during the late light phase in diurnal grass rats and in the late night in nocturnal species (Amir et al., 2006; Amir and Robinson, 2006; Lamont et al., 2005) A similar pattern emerges when other diurnal species, including humans, are compared to nocturnal species (Li et al., 2013; Otalora et al., 2013). Thus, species differences related to the circadian control of hippocampal functions may be determined by the phase of this extra-SCN oscillator.
Phase preference for the display of activity is associated with the phase of extra-suprachiasmatic nucleus oscillators within and between species
2010, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Because of the differences in patterns (i.e., in most cases an antiphase relationship) of protein expression between NA and DA grass rats, there was a complex profile of significant differences between the two groups of animals, without a consistent trend for differences in amount of PER1 and PER2 expression between chronotypes. Experiment 1: One important finding of Experiment 1 and of previous studies (Ramanathan et al., 2008b, 2010) is that the phases of PER1 and PER2 rhythms outside of the SCN with respect to the light–dark cycle are remarkably different between diurnal grass rats and nocturnal laboratory rodents (Angeles-Castellanos et al., 2007; Feillet et al., 2008; Amir and Stewart, 2009b) kept in standard laboratory cages, with no access to wheels. These differences in phase are evident in several areas of the brain involved in learning and memory, fear and anxiety, motivation and autonomic regulation (Amir et al., 2004; Lamont et al., 2005; Angeles-Castellanos et al., 2007; Feillet et al., 2008), and rhythms in many of these functions are likely to be phase reversed between diurnal and nocturnal species.
Circadian rhythms and glial cells of the central nervous system
2023, Biological Reviews