Review articleProminence of delta oscillatory rhythms in the motor cortex and their relevance for auditory and speech perception
Section snippets
Intrinsic oscillatory activity in the motor cortex
Cortical rhythms reflect synchronous, periodic shifting of neuronal ensembles between high and low excitability states, that coordinates neural communication (Schroeder et al., 2008; Schroeder and Lakatos, 2009; Buzsáki and Draguhn, 2004; Wang, 2010). In the motor cortex, the vast majority of existing data point to beta oscillations (∼12-30 Hz; frequency borders based on Buzsaki, 2006, p.112) as a predominant and specific rhythm during rest and to coordinate information transfer in action
Rhythmic sampling of perceptual information
In an active sensing framework, perception is shaped by motor dynamics (Morillon et al., 2015). Indeed, our sensory organs are not passive receptacles for stimulation but are part of an action-perception closed-loop system (Kleinfeld et al., 2006; Schroeder et al., 2010; Ahissar and Assa, 2016; Rajkai et al., 2008; Barczak et al., 2019). Consequently, motor acts and associated oscillatory dynamics temporally structure the activity of sensory cortices, and, as a consequence, the processing of
Temporal predictions in auditory attention
When sensory signals hold a recurring temporal structure, they enable a proactive and temporally selective preparation for anticipated relevant events (Nobre and van Ede, 2018; Rimmele et al., 2018). Acoustic signals such as speech and music exhibit reliable temporal regularities that can be used to generate temporal predictions (Ding et al., 2017). Behavioral experiments demonstrate that anticipating the temporal occurrence of an upcoming event optimizes its processing by improving the quality
Motor contributions to speech perception
Human speech is in essence structured in the temporal dimension, with nested dynamics organized according to a hierarchy of linguistic timescales (phoneme, syllable, word, phrase; (Giraud and Poeppel, 2012; Ding et al., 2016; Keitel et al., 2018; Schroeder et al., 2008). Although speech is not strictly periodic, its regularities are visible as peaks in the power and modulation spectrum of the speech envelope (Ding et al., 2017; Keitel et al., 2018). Remarkably, these acoustic dynamics are
Conclusions
The studies reviewed above provide evidence that delta oscillations are intrinsic in the motor cortex and critically shape both overt motor behaviors and covert motor-related modulation of sensory neural processes. They reflect a behavioral time-constant that is directly interpretable in a cognitive framework. This delta motor activity often seems to be intrinsically linked to beta oscillations through cross-frequency coupling, but the relationship between delta and beta rhythms is dynamic and
Acknowledgments
B.M was supported by grants from the ANR (Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, France), the ILCB and BLRI, respectively, ANR-16-CONV-0002 (ILCB), ANR-11-LABX-0036 (BLRI) and the Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University (A*MIDEX). C.E.S. supported by R01 MH111439 and P50 MH109429.
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