Archival ReportSex Differences in Effects of Ketamine on Behavior, Spine Density, and Synaptic Proteins in Socially Isolated Rats
Section snippets
Animals
Adult male (250–270 g) and female (200–225 g) Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River, Wilmington, MA) were maintained either under pair-housed (PH) condition or in solitary cages under IS on a 12-hour light/dark cycle (lights on at 5:00 am) with ad libitum access to food and water. All animal protocols were carried out in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Florida State
Effect of Ketamine on Anhedonia and Depression-like Behavior in Male and Female Rats Subjected to IS
Male rats subjected to IS started showing a significant decline in sucrose preference from week 7 onward, which was stable across week 8 (effect of housing condition: F1,46 = 50.1, p < .05) (Figure 1B). In male rats, the IS-evoked decline in sucrose preference (housing: F1,42 = 7.76, p < .05) was completely rescued by an acute injection of ketamine (5 mg/kg) on day 1 of the SPT (effect of treatment: F2,42 = 3.24, p < .05) but not on day 2 (Figure 1C). In the FST in male rats, IS also elicited
Discussion
The consequences of social isolation are distinct and different, based on the time and duration of administration (33). Studies have investigated the effect of early-life (34, 35, 36, 37) and adolescent (38, 39) social isolation of varying durations on behavior and underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we show, to our knowledge for the first time, the effect of chronic social isolation (8–12 weeks) during adulthood on behavior, spine density, and synaptic molecules in the mPFC in male
Acknowledgments and Disclosures
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grant Nos. R01-MH087583 and RO1-MH099085 (to MK).
The authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
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