Elsevier

Biological Psychiatry

Volume 70, Issue 4, 15 August 2011, Pages 308-309
Biological Psychiatry

Commentary
Depression and the Hippocampus: Cause or Effect?

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.006Get rights and content

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    Patients with depression and high avoidance had smaller hippocampi than patients with depression and low avoidance. Hippocampal volume reduction is a common finding in patients with depression that is influenced by chronicity and by duration of lifetime depression (Sheline, 2011; Videbech and Ravnkilde, 2004). Our results suggest that avoidant attachment characteristics, which were more pronounced in patients with depression than in healthy controls are another factor that affects hippocampal volume.

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    It is important to recognize that the cross-sectional nature of the present study, however, prevents us from drawing any causal conclusions regarding the link between stress, psychopathology, and hippocampal volume and activity. Such “chicken or egg” problems (Sheline, 2011) will likely require familial or longitudinal study designs in order to solve them. Memory performance, as assessed using three standardized tests of verbal and visual learning, recall, and recognition, was not significantly associated with cumulative lifetime stress in our sample.

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