Archival ReportHippocampal Changes Associated with Early-Life Adversity and Vulnerability to Depression
Section snippets
Methods and Materials
These data are part of a larger ongoing study on the development and course of depression in adolescents, as well as the relationship between depression and substance use disorders. The studies were performed at two sites, Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Because of space limitations, the methods are described briefly, and additional information is provided in Supplement 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Sample
Magnetic resonance scans were aborted in one control and one depressed participant when they reported anxiety. Data from two control subjects had significant motion artifacts. Therefore, results are presented for 32 control, 22 high-risk, and 29 depressed participants. Demographic and clinical features of the sample are outlined in Table 1. The groups did not differ significantly with respect to age, sex, ethnicity/race, or pubertal status. The depressed and high-risk groups had lower SES and a
Discussion
The findings of this study replicate and extend prior work (19, 20, 21). Smaller hippocampal volume was observed in depressed adolescents (20, 21). The results also indicated that morphologic changes in the hippocampus might be evident before clinical manifestation of the illness in individuals at high risk for the disorder (27). Higher levels of adversity during childhood increased the likelihood of smaller hippocampal volume in at-risk youth even after controlling for chronic stress during
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