Archival ReportInvolvement of NOX2 in the Development of Behavioral and Pathologic Alterations in Isolated Rats
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Animals
An equal number of adult male and female Wistar rats (Harlan, S. Pietro al Natisone, Udine, Italy) were used to obtain litters. A total number of 17 dams provided offspring for inclusion in the study. All animals were housed at a constant room temperature (22° ± 3°C) and relative humidity (55% ± 5%) under a 12-hour light/dark cycle (lights on from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm). Food and water were freely available. All efforts were made to minimize the number of animals used and their suffering in
Induction of NOX2 Expression in Rat Brain After Social Isolation
We performed reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR to assess the effect of social isolation on NOX2 gene expression in specific areas of rat brain: amygdala (AMY), hippocampus (HIPP), nucleus accumbens (NACC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and striatum (STR.). Whereas NOX2 mRNA was below detection levels in the five selected brain areas of control rats (n = 5), NOX2 transcripts in isolated rats (n = 5) were detected in four of these five brain regions (AMY, HIPP, NACC, and PFC, but not in STR). The
Discussion
In this study, we investigated the relationship among social-isolation-induced brain alterations, NOX2, and oxidative stress. We demonstrate that social isolation of young rats leads to an upregulation of NOX2 and all subunits (p47phox, p22phox, p67phox, p40phox) required for the activation of the enzyme. The upregulation of NOX2 is accompanied by signs of brain oxidative stress, increased microglia immunostaining, decrease of parvalbumin-immunoreactivity in neurons and behavioral alterations.
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Authors SSo, SSc, LT, and K-HK contributed equally to this work.