Original ArticlePrenatal Exposure to Cocaine Increases the Rewarding Potency of Cocaine and Selective Dopaminergic Agonists in Adult Mice
Section snippets
Animal Care and Handling
All animal procedures were carried out according to the National Institutes of Health Guide to the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Subcommittee on Research Animal Care at Massachusetts General Hospital.
In Utero Cocaine Exposure
Mice were exposed to cocaine in utero as previously described (27). Adult timed-pregnant white Swiss-Webster dams (Taconic Labs, Germantown, New York) were allowed access to food and water ad libitum and housed on a 12-hour (7:00 am light–7:00 pm dark) cycle. Two
Results
The ICSS electrode tip positions are shown in Figure 1. No significant effects of gender [F(1,44) = .05, p = .82] or prenatal treatment [F(1,44) = .11, p = .75] were observed on baseline BSR thresholds (θ0), determined as the total charge delivery in Coulombs (μA × μsec) at the stabilized baseline threshold before saline determinations (Table 1), indicating that prenatal cocaine exposure does not alter responding for BSR and that ICSS does not differ between males and females.
The effects of
Discussion
Most preclinical investigations of consequences of prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse have employed passive behavioral methods, particularly open-field exploration or locomotor behavior. The relatively fewer studies examining appetitive behavior with either instrumental or classical conditioning methods have shown subtle but reproducible and consistent effects of gestational exposure to drugs of abuse (reviewed in 14). Most investigations of operant behavior after such exposures have
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2020, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsPrenatal cocaine exposure, illicit-substance use and stress and craving processes during adolescence
2016, Drug and Alcohol DependenceCitation Excerpt :These circuits subserve processes including emotion regulation, reward processing and motivational control and are critically involved in addiction vulnerability (Chambers et al., 2003; Andersen and Teicher, 2008). Preclinical data have demonstrated significant effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on these systems (Glatt et al., 2000; Harvey et al., 2001; Stanwood et al., 2001a, 2001b; Harvey, 2004; Malanga et al., 2008; McCarthy and Bhide, 2012; Wang et al., 2013), which may relate to the elevated rates of illicit-substance use reported among human adolescents with PCE (Delaney-Black et al., 2011; Richardson et al., 2013). In humans, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data indicate alterations in cortico-striato-limbic neurocircuitry among adolescents with PCE (Yip et al., 2014).
Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on early postnatal rodent brain structure and diffusion properties
2015, Neurotoxicology and TeratologyCitation Excerpt :In their review of the neuroanatomical effects of cocaine exposure, Derauf et al. (2009) postulated that a similar pattern of effects would exist. Here we provide evidence supporting this theory, which are in line with previous reports of behavioral deficits following cocaine, including social reinforcement (Johns and Noonan, 1995; Johns et al., 1998; Overstreet et al., 2000), drug seeking (Malanga et al., 2007), reward sensitivity (Estelles et al., 2006; Malanga et al., 2008), and impulsivity (Liu et al., 2013). The specific neuroanatomical changes in these regions that result in these behavioral alterations bears further investigation.
Effects of perinatal methylphenidate (MPH) treatment on postweaning behaviors of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats
2015, Neurotoxicology and TeratologyCitation Excerpt :Overall, in the current study, females appeared more sensitive to developmental MPH treatment. Others have described increased sensitivity to prenatal cocaine treatment in males when assessed for conditioned place preference (Malanga et al., 2008; Dow-Edwards et al., 2014). Similarly, radial arm maze performance of adult females appeared more sensitive to prenatal cocaine treatment (Levin and Seidler, 1993).