Original articlesKetamine-induced distractibility: An oculomotor study in monkeys
Section snippets
Subjects
Two male green monkeys (Caercopitheca aethiops, subjects V and K) served as subjects. The monkeys were kept in individual primate cages in an air-conditioned room. They weighed 4.5–5 kg and were given monkey chow ad libitum, supplemented daily with fresh fruit. The animals were water deprived during the day preceding the recording session. After the experiment, extra water was given if necessary. The experiments were performed while the monkey’s head was fixed and the eye movements were
Visually guided saccade task
Ketamine induced a significant increase of visually guided saccade latency in both monkeys, as shown in Table 1. Although there was no clear dose-effect relationship, no effect was observed in monkey V at .2 mg/kg, and higher doses tended to induce a greater increase than smaller doses. Saccade latency returned to the saline level in monkey K at the last trial, whereas it remained slightly increased in monkey V. Ketamine had a slightly different effect on saccade accuracy in our two monkeys:
Discussion
A large number of studies have shown that ketamine is a useful research tool for pharmacological studies on schizophrenia in humans (Lahti et al 1995). Previous studies on ketamine-induced oculomotor abnormalities have mainly found smooth pursuit impairments (Radant et al 1998; Weiler et al 2000; Avila et al 2002). However, this model has been incompletely validated, since the ability of ketamine to induce increased distractibility, such as seen in most schizophrenic subjects, has not been
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