The Effect of Age on Susceptibility to Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage
Section snippets
INTRODUCTION
STROKE IS a health hazard most commonly associated with the elderly. In recent years, it has become evident, however, that this disease affects the lives of individuals of all age groups 4, 5. Annual incidence rates have suggested that as many as 65–90 per 100,000 people between the ages of 15 and 49 years experience an ischemic cerebral infarct [68]. Experience from the Lausanne Stroke Registry, which surveys patients in Switzerland, revealed that 12.3% of all individuals with a first-ever
DEVELOPMENT, SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION AND HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA
While the fundamental mechanisms underlying hypoxic-ischemic brain injury are being increasingly well understood, the extent to which they affect the brain at different ages remains relatively unknown. Some insight into these differences comes from work in which the age-specific differences of hypoxic-ischemic injury to glucose supplementation were elucidated. In that regard, hyperglycemia has, for some time, been recognized as enhancing the brain damaging effects of hypoxia-ischemia. Myers et
AGING AND HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA
It is clear from the above discussion that, while the basic mechanisms underlying hypoxic-ischemic injury may be similar in different age groups, the effects of these mechanisms on the neuropathological outcome may be vastly different. Until recently, the developing animal has been reported to be far more resistant to the damaging effects of hypoxia-ischemia than its adult counterpart. Duffy et al. [21]exposed new-born and adult rats to anoxia for variable lengths of time, and found that the
DISCUSSION
Many early reports showed younger animals to be more resistant to hypoxia/anoxia than their adult counterparts 2, 21, 23, 25. The phenomenon of an age related tolerance to hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in the young has, however, never been shown in in vivo preparations. Jilek et al. [36]produced stagnant ischemia of the brain in rats aged 10–180 days. As found by others, he found enhanced survival in the very young animals, with those aged 20–30 days doing least well. Histopathologically,
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by grants from the Heart & Stroke Foundation of Saskatchewan.
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