ArticlesSocial Learning in Animals: Sex Differences and Neurobiological Analysis
Section snippets
The role of gender in social learning
Social learning in males and females has been investigated in several different experimental paradigms. The research with mammals considered here has concentrated on three major paradigms; social learning of food preferences, observational learning of a number of tasks by rodents, and social learning by primates. The social recognition paradigm, where an animal is tested for the memory of a conspecific after separations of various duration, has also received analysis and has been termed by some
Neuroanatomical Studies
Social learning of food preferences has been utilized for the investigation of the neurobiological mechanisms associated with cognition. The experimental procedure used in this social learning paradigm typically follows the three steps shown in Fig. 1. First the demonstrator is presented with a novel diet. Second the demonstrator is allowed to interact with an observer that is naive to the diet fed to the demonstrator. Third after the interaction with the demonstrator, the isolated observer is
Conclusions
Although sex differences have been demonstrated in a wide range of cognitive and behavioral processes, investigations of male–female differences in social learning remain largely neglected. Social learning varies in a biologically meaningful way as a function of social constraints (social, characteristics, social setting) and the type of information that may be transferred. Social transmission and acquisition of information involves sexually dimorphic motivation, perception, attention, and
Acknowledgements
We thank Drs. William Roberts, David Sherry, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions.
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