A study of cochlear innervation in the young cat with the Golgi method
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Cited by (74)
Functional MRI evidence of the cortico-olivary efferent pathway during active auditory target processing in humans
2019, Hearing ResearchCitation Excerpt :This could be the physiological basis for SOC activation following top-down control from the auditory cortex specifically to the target and not other stimuli in our study. VNTB cells that project to the CN mostly use GABA, glycine, or both, and thus the VNTB is hypothesized to be a major source of inhibitory feedback projections to the CN and cochlea (Ginzberg and Merest, 1983; Potashner et al., 1993; Winter et al., 1989). MOC neurons originating predominantly in the VNTB (Brown, 2011) terminate directly on outer hair cells and control the gain of the cochlear amplifier, thus reducing basilar membrane motion and changing otoacoustic emission (OAE) amplitudes (Guinan, 1996).
Neuroprostheses for restoring hearing loss
2015, Implantable Neuroprostheses for Restoring FunctionCochlear implants
2013, Handbook of Clinical NeurophysiologyCitation Excerpt :Within the organ of Corti each process typically forms a single synapse onto the closest IHCs (Spoendlin, 1978; Ginzberg and Morest, 1984; Liberman et al., 1990). The type II SGNs also pass through the habenula perforata, but then cross the floor of the organ of Corti and spiral basally for hundreds of microns before contacting multiple first, second and third row OHCs with en passant and terminal branchlets (Spoendin, 1969; Ginzberg and Morest, 1983, 1984). Hair cells of the organ of Corti are sensitive to many forms of damage including acoustic trauma, ototoxic drugs, congenital abnormalities and aging.
The molecular basis of making spiral ganglion neurons and connecting them to hair cells of the organ of Corti
2011, Hearing ResearchCitation Excerpt :However, it is equally clear that a systematic analysis of all transcription factors expressed in the developing sensory neurons using deep sequencing, validation of the obtained data, and characterization of the function of validated genes in targeted deletions is needed before we can begin to synthesize the possibly far more complex interplay of these factors (Roy et al., 2010) in spiral neuron development. As the SGNs migrate away from the cochlear duct and the future ductus reuniens and differentiate (Fig. 2), they extend axons toward the brain to innervate the cochlear nuclei and dendrites toward the ear to innervate the hair cells in the cochlea (Appler and Goodrich, 2011; Ginzberg and Morest, 1983; Rubel and Fritzsch, 2002). The dendrites have to be sorted to innervate their target: they mix longitudinally from SGNs at different longitudinal positions but segregate radially to innervate either inner hair cells (approximately 90–95% Type I spiral ganglion neurons) or outer hair cells (approximately 5–10% of Type II neurons).
Connecting the ear to the brain: Molecular mechanisms of auditory circuit assembly
2011, Progress in NeurobiologyCitation Excerpt :Additionally, presumptive Type I spiral ganglion neurons have been observed contacting OHCs in gerbils, hamsters, and mice (Bruce et al., 1997; Echteler, 1992; Huang et al., 2007; Simmons, 1994; Wiechers et al., 1999). Moreover, individual Type II spiral ganglion neurons contacting both IHCs and OHCs have been observed occasionally in cats (<2% of Type II neurons labeled) (Ginzberg and Morest, 1983; Perkins and Morest, 1975) and gerbils (one Type II neuron at P6) (Echteler, 1992). This evidence has supported the suggestion that all neurons initially make contact with both IHCs and OHCs, with no neurons fitting this description observed in the mature cochlea (Berglund and Ryugo, 1987; Ginzberg and Morest, 1984).
Primary innervation of the avian and mammalian cochlear nucleus
2003, Brain Research Bulletin