Elsevier

Psychiatry Research

Volume 31, Issue 2, February 1990, Pages 131-144
Psychiatry Research

Prevalence of seasonal affective disorder at four latitudes

https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(90)90116-MGet rights and content

Abstract

The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) was mailed to a sample population balanced for sex and randomly selected from local telephone directories in four areas: Nashua, NH, New York, NY, Montgomery County, MD, and Sarasota, FL. On the basis of responses to this questionnaire, prevalence rates of winter seasonal affective disorder (winter SAD) summer seasonal affective disorder (summer SAD), and subsyndromal winter SAD were estimated for the four areas. Rates of winter SAD and subsyndromal SAD were found to be significantly higher at the more northern latitudes, while no correlation was found between latitude and summer SAD. The positive correlation between latitude and prevalence of winter SAD applied predominantly to the age groups over 35.

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1

Leora N. Rosen, Ph.D., is at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.

2

Steven D. Targum, M.D., is at CCMC, Upland, PA.

3

Michael Terman, Ph.D., is at New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY.

4

Michael J. Bryant, B.A., is in the Clinical Psychobiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD.

5

Howard Hoffman, M.D., is at Psychiatric Institute, Washington, DC.

6

Siegfried F. Kasper, M.D., is at Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Heidelberg, F.R.G.

7

Joelle R. Hamovit, M.S.W., is at Sarasota Palms Hospital, Sarasota, FL.

8

John P. Docherty, M.D.

9

Betty Welch are at Brookside Hospital.

10

Norman E. Rosenthal, M.D., is in the Clinical Psychobiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD.

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