Research paperTheory and operation of a single microelectrode voltage clamp
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Comparison of NaCl-induced programmed cell death in the obligate halophyte Cakile maritima and the glycophyte Arabidospis thaliana
2016, Plant ScienceCitation Excerpt :Their tips were less than 1 μm diameter; they were filled with 600 mM KCl, and had electrical resistances between 20 and 50 MΩ with the culture medium. Voltage-clamp measurements of whole-cell currents from intact cultured cells presenting stable running membrane potential (Vm) were carried out using the technique of the discontinuous single voltage-clamp microelectrode (dSEVC, [47]) adapted to plant cells as previously described [41,48]. Specific software (pCLAMP 8) drives the voltage clamp amplifier (Axoclamp 2A, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, USA).
Lack of interaction of endocannabinoids and 5-HT<inf>3</inf> neurotransmission in associative fear circuits of the amygdala: Evidence from electrophysiological and behavioural experiments
2013, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Once electrodes were in ACSF, special care was taken to balance capacity compensation, electrode series resistance and to adjust zero DC so that there were no differences between measurements made in bridge (BC) and switched mode. After impalement of neurons, the capacitance compensation was readjusted to avoid errors in SECC measurements when switching to SEVC (Brennecke and Lindemann, 1974; Finkel and Redman, 1983, 1984; Juusola, 1994). Correct compensation of input capacitance and complete settling of the current injection artefact prior to sampling of the voltage signal in switched mode were controlled by continuously monitoring unsampled electrode potentials on an analogue oscilloscope triggered by the switching frequency.
The beginning of intracellular recording in spinal neurons: Facts, reflections, and speculations
2011, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :The single electrode voltage clamp was later described (Merickel, 1980) and used initially in invertebrates (Merickel and Gray, 1980). The laboratory of Stephen Redman [1938-] refined the electrodes (Finkel and Redman, 1983; Redman, 1976) and then the amplifier (Finkel and Redman, 1984), demonstrating its use in spinal MNs. This led to the “discontinuous current clamp,” a technique proved very useful in further study of spinal MNs (Brownstone et al., 1994).
High-Resolution Intracellular Recordings Using a Real-Time Computational Model of the Electrode
2008, NeuronCitation Excerpt :An option for voltage clamp, and the only one for dynamic clamp when electrode resistance is high, is to use a discontinuous mode, alternatively injecting current and recording the Vm (Brennecke and Lindemann, 1971, 1974a, 1974b; Finkel and Redman, 1984) with a frequency set by the electrode time constant (typically 1.5–3 kHz with sharp electrodes in our experiments in cortical neurons in vitro and in vivo). Unfortunately, the alternation method is valid only when the electrode response is at least two orders of magnitude faster than the recorded phenomena (Finkel and Redman, 1984), because the membrane response must be quasilinear in the sampling interval. Moreover, recordings in discontinuous modes are very noisy and sampling frequency is limited, which makes the precise recording of fast phenomena like spikes impossible (Figure 1B).
Synaptic signaling in sympathetic vasoconstrictor pathways and the effects of injury
2007, Tzu Chi Medical Journal