Elsevier

Vision Research

Volume 10, Issue 9, September 1970, Pages 891-896
Vision Research

Human cyclofusional response

https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(70)90168-9Get rights and content

Abstract

Objective measurement of the human cyclofusional response was carried out. Disparities up to 5° were fused but no rotation of the globes was detected. It was concluded that the observed cyclofusional responses were mediated centrally rather than through cyclotorsion of the eyes.

It was found that the maximum fused vertical disparity introduced by the cyclofusional stimulus for various peripheral angles of the retinas was close to, but always less than, the disparity threshold for diplopia values obtained by Volkman. The observed cyclofusionla response was described in terms of the disparity threshold for diplopia.

Résumé

On mesure objectivement chez l'homme la réponse cyclofusionnelle. Des dis parités jusqu'à5° sont fusionnées sans qu'on décèle de rotations des globes. On en déduit que les réponses cyclofusionnelles observées ont une origine centrale plutoˆt que par cyclotorsion des yeux.

On trouve que le maximum de la disparitéverticale fusionnée, introduite par le stimulus cyclofusionnel pour divers angles périphériques sur la rétine, reste voisine, mais en restant plus faible, du seuil de disparitépour la diplopie (valeurs obtenues par Volkman). On décrit la réponse cyclofusionnelle observée en fonction du seuil de disparitépour la diplopie.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurden objektive Messungen der menschlichen Fusionsrollung unter nommen. Disparationen bis auf 5° wurden verschmolzen, ohne dass eine Augapfeldrehung entdeckt werden konnte. Es wurde daraus geschlossen, dass die beobachtete Fusionsrollung eher zentral als durch die Augeneigenrollung bestimmt wird. Es wurde gefunden, dass sich die senkrechte Maximaldisparation, welche durch den Fusionsrollreiz bei verschiedenen Netzhautsgesichtswinkeln verursacht worden war, den von Volkman ermittelten Disparationsschwellen für das Doppeltsehen näherte, ohne sie zu erreichen. Die beobachtete Fusions rollung wurde im Sinne des Schwellenwertes für das Doppeltsehen beschrieben.

PeзюМe

Пpoвeдeнo oбъeктивнoe измepeниe циклoфyзиoннoй cпocoбнocти хeлoвeкa. Пpи cлиянин изoбpaжeний c днcпapaтнocтью дo 5° нe былo oбнapyжeнo пoвopoтoв глaзных яблoк. Cдeлaн вывoд o цeнтpaльнoм мeхaнизмe цнклoфyзии, нe тpeбyющeм циклoтopзии глaз.

Maкcимaльнaя, пpeoдoлeвaeмaя фyзиeй, вepтикaльнaя диcпapaтнocть, вoзникaющaя пpи вoзбyдитeлe циклoфyзии, дeйcтвyющeм нa paзлихныe пepифepихecкнe yхacтки ceтхaтoк, oкaзaлacь нecкoлькo мeныпe, хeм пopoгoвaя диcпapaтнocть (хapaктepнзyющaя днплoпию) нaйдeннaя Volkman. Haйдeнным здecь вeлихинaм циклoфyзиoннoй cпocoбнocти пpипиcывaeтcя знaхeниe пopoгoвoй диcпapaтнocти, хapaктepизyющeй диплoпию.

References (16)

  • AmesA.

    Cyclophoria

    Am. J. physiol. Opt.

    (1926)
  • AmesA. et al.

    Size and shape of ocular images III. Visual sensitivity to differences in the relative size of the ocular images of the two eyes

    Arch. Ophthal.

    (1932)
  • BrecherG.A.

    Die Optokinetische Ausloesung von Augenrollung und Rotatorischem Nystagmus

    Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol.

    (1934)
  • BrecherG.A.

    Form und Ausdehnung der Panuunschen Areale bei Fovealem Sehen

    Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol.

    (1942)
  • Duke-ElderS.
  • EllerbrockV.J.

    Inducement of cyclofusional movements

    Am. J. Ophthal.

    (1954)
  • FenderD.H. et al.

    Extension of Panum's fusional area in binocularly stabilized vision

    J. opt. Soc. Am.

    (1967)
  • HofmannF.B. et al.

    Uber der Willkur entzogenen Fusions bewegungen der Augen

    Pflügers Arch. ges. Phsyiol.

    (1900)
There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

Cited by (66)

  • A unified model for binocular fusion and depth perception

    2021, Vision Research
    Citation Excerpt :

    They found that the slope of the objective FD curve was significantly greater than the subjective FD curve, indicating an alteration in retinal correspondence. Based on objective measurement of human cyclofusional response, Kertesz and Jones (1970) found that the maximum fused vertical disparity introduced by the cyclofusional stimulus for various peripheral angles of the retinas was close to, but always less than, the disparity threshold for diplopia values obtained by Volkman. However, beyond these observations, very little is known about sensory fusion or neural remapping.

  • Effects of torsional movements in refractive procedures

    2015, Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
    Citation Excerpt :

    Davson9 was the first to describe torsion or rolling as rotation of the eye around the anteroposterior axis, occurring when the head was not in the erect position. A series of well-controlled experiments were performed by Kertesz and Jones10 for measuring the cyclotorsional movements. Using objective movements, Kertesz and Jones showed that no cyclotorsional movement occurred when torsionally disparate images were fused; thus, the fusion had to be central as there was no motor component.

View all citing articles on Scopus

This paper was supported in part by Research Grant B-02165 from the Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, National Institute of Health, Public Health Service. We wish to thank Dr. Elliott J. Bayly for his assistance during the course of these experiments and Miss E. Corral of Contacts, Inc., Chicago, who fitted the contact lenses used in this investigation.

View full text