QX-314 blocks the potassium but not the sodium-dependent component of the opiate response in locus coeruleus neurons
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Photoactivatable Neuropeptides for Spatiotemporally Precise Delivery of Opioids in Neural Tissue
2012, NeuronCitation Excerpt :This observation might be accounted for by the inability to voltage-clamp currents generated in the large (Shipley et al., 1996), gap-junction-coupled dendrites (Ishimatsu and Williams, 1996; Travagli et al., 1995) of LC neurons. Several studies suggest that inhibition of a standing, voltage-insensitive Na+ current may contribute 50% of the observed outward current response to enkephalin (Alreja and Aghajanian, 1993, 1994). Thus, the complete ionic nature of the enkephalin-evoked outward currents has been a subject of debate (Alreja and Aghajanian, 1993, 1994; Osborne and Williams, 1996; Torrecilla et al., 2002; Travagli et al., 1995).
Opioid receptor activation attenuates nicotinic enhancement of spontaneous GABA release in lateral spiriform nucleus of the chick
2003, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :DAMGO, a mu opioid receptor agonist, blocked the presynaptic effects of nicotine but not the direct effects of nicotine on SpL neurons (Fig. 3A). The inclusion of QX-314, a sodium and potassium channel blocker [2,14,29], in the internal solution in the patch pipette during these experiments blocked the outward current normally seen in response to l-ENK (compare with Fig. 2). The specific mu antagonist, CTOP, blocked the attenuation of the nicotinic response by DAMGO (Fig. 3B).
Protein kinases modulate the cellular adaptations associated with opioid tolerance and dependence
2001, Brain Research ReviewsIon selectivity filter regulates local anesthetic inhibition of G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying K<sup>+</sup> channels
2001, Biophysical JournalCitation Excerpt :Interestingly, the elimination of the negative charge at D173 had no effect on QX-314 inhibition (Table 1). Intracellular application of QX-314 inhibits neuronal G-protein-sensitive inwardly rectifying K+ currents (Alreja and Aghajanian, 1994; Andrade, 1991; Nathan et al., 1990; Otis et al., 1993; Yamada et al., 1999). The effect of intracellular QX-314 on cloned GIRK channels has not been studied extensively.
Molecular control of locus coeruleus neurotransmission
1999, Biological Psychiatry