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2021, NeuronCitation Excerpt :As part of the indirect pathway, the GPe projects to the output structures of the BG, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) but also to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and striatum. The cardinal input to the GPe is GABAergic inhibition from striatopallidal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the indirect pathway; however, the GPe is also reciprocally connected to the STN (Kita et al., 1983; Kita and Kitai, 1991; Robledo and Féger, 1990) and receives input from striatonigral MSNs (Cazorla et al., 2014; Kawaguchi et al., 1990; Wu et al., 2000). Thus, the GPe is positioned as a hub that connects the main BG pathways: the direct, indirect, and hyperdirect pathways (Mathai and Smith, 2011; Nambu et al., 2002).
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Present address: Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A.