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Ventral pallidum cellular and pathway specificity in drug seeking
2021, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :The VP also sends significant projections to brain regions outside of the basal ganglia, which makes the VP an output of the basal ganglia (Kupchik and Kalivas, 2017). A major target of VP projections is the MDT and the adjacent reticular thalamic nucleus (Young et al., 1984; Zahm and Heimer, 1987; Groenewegen et al., 1993; Tripathi et al., 2013). Activation of these projections inhibits most MDT neurons, but some neurons increase their firing rate (Vives and Mogenson, 1985; Mogenson et al., 1987; O’Donnell et al., 1997).
Basal ganglia circuit loops, dopamine and motivation: A review and enquiry
2015, Behavioural Brain ResearchThe ventral pallidum: Subregion-specific functional anatomy and roles in motivated behaviors
2015, Progress in NeurobiologyCitation Excerpt :The largest input to VP is from the Acb. This input has been detailed by lesion degeneration (Williams et al., 1977; Haber and Nauta, 1983; Zahm and Heimer, 1987), anterograde and retrograde tracer methods (Swanson and Cowan, 1975; Powell and Leman, 1976; Conrad and Pfaff, 1976a; Williams et al., 1977; Troiano and Siegel, 1978a; Nauta et al., 1978; Mogenson et al., 1983; Haber and Nauta, 1983; Groenewegen and Russchen, 1984; Lu et al., 1998; Churchill et al., 1990; Maurice et al., 1997, 1998; Zahm and Heimer, 1990; Heimer et al., 1991; Zaborszky and Cullinan, 1992; Usuda et al., 1998) and with electrophysiological approaches (Chrobak and Napier, 1993). The Acb projection typically exits the Acb caudally (Tripathi et al., 2010) via the medial forebrain bundle (Conrad and Pfaff, 1976a; Troiano and Siegel, 1978a) but on occasion can extend rostrally before hooking caudally toward VP (Chang and Kitai, 1985).
Efferent connections of the rostral linear nucleus of the ventral tegmental area in the rat
2007, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :While the VTA, in general, originates heavy projections to the ventral striatum and comparatively less dense ones to the ventral pallidum (e.g. Beckstead et al., 1979; Swanson, 1982; Björklund and Lindvall, 1984; Voorn et al., 1986; Klitenick et al., 1992; see also our PHA-L control cases), its RLi division innervates robustly the pallidal regions of the olfactory tubercle (i.e. the polymorph layer of the tubercle and the ventrolateral part of the ventral pallidum; Heimer et al., 1987), and modestly the lateral ventral striatum (i.e. the dense cell layer of the lateral olfactory tubercle, and the rostral pole and lateral shell of the accumbens). Interestingly, the intimate association of the RLi to pallidal districts is further underscored by its dense projections to major pallidal output stations: the ventrolateral part of the central division of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus which is related to the pallidal districts of the olfactory tubercle (Price and Slotnick, 1983; Zahm and Heimer, 1987; Groenewegen, 1988; Ray and Price, 1992; Groenewegen et al., 1993), and the lateral part of the lateral habenula which is primarily targeted by the entopeduncular nucleus, the rodent homologue of the internal part of the globus pallidus (Nauta, 1974; Herkenham and Nauta, 1977; McBride, 1981) and also by the ventral pallidum (Herkenham and Nauta, 1977; Groenewegen, 1988; Ray et al., 1992; Groenewegen et al., 1993). Having in mind that the RLi only modestly supplies prefrontal cortical areas, these connectional data suggest that the RLi influences chiefly the output stages of a cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic circuit, referred to by Groenewegen et al. (1990) as “the ventral agranular insular circuit.”