Distribution of the pro-opiomelanocortin derived peptides, adrenocorticotrope hormone, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and β-endorphin (ACTH, α-MSH, β-END) in the rat hypothalamus
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Impact of aflatoxin B1 on hypothalamic neuropeptides regulating feeding behavior
2015, NeuroToxicologyCitation Excerpt :More specifically, the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus plays a key role in regulating food intake and energy homeostasis (Schwartz et al., 2000). This structure contains notably an anorexigenic neuronal population synthesizing the proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptide, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) (Cyr et al., 2013; Khachaturian, 1985; Mezey et al., 1985) and the cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) (Stanley et al., 2001), and an orexigenic neuronal system synthesizing neuropeptide Y (NPY) (Cyr et al., 2013; El Ouezzani et al., 2001) and Agouti gene-related peptide (AgRP) (Small et al., 2001). In this regard, our previous data among others demonstrate that various neuropeptides (orexigenic/anorexigenic) contribute to regulate feeding behavior and energy balance (Chartrel et al., 2011; El Ouezzani et al., 2005; Lectez et al., 2009) and any imbalance affecting the expression of these neuropeptides alters energy and weight homeostasis.
Circumventricular Organs
2015, The Rat Nervous System: Fourth EditionNew aspects of melanocortin signaling: A role for PRCP in α-MSH degradation
2011, Frontiers in NeuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :In fact, to date, mutations in MC4R are the most common monogenetic form of human obesity described [31]. The projections of the two components of the melanocortin system, POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons, grossly overlap both within and outside of the hypothalamus [19,103,136,211], although they are rarely very long. The common targets of the NPY/AgRP and POMC projections are the hypothalamic parvicellular PVN [43], the lateral hypothalamic and perifornical areas, all of which express melanocortin receptors MC3/4R [146,180].
Glycyl-glutamine reduces ethanol intake at three reward sites in P rats
2008, AlcoholCitation Excerpt :A population of opioid neurons are the proopiomelanocortin/β-endorphin cells of the arcuate nucleus that project axons into several of the reward system nuclei, for example, in the NAC, where they are colocalized with mesolimbic dopamine projection fields (Bloom et al., 1978; Khachaturian et al., 1985; Koob, 1999). Selection of the sites tested in the present study is based in part on reports of immunostained β-endorphin fibers and terminals in the NAC, the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the amygdala (CeM), and the arcuate nucleus, which is complemented by opiate receptor localization and lesioning data (Akil et al., 1984; Barna et al., 1997; Finley et al., 1981; Gray et al., 1984; Jamensky and Gianoulakis, 1999; Khachaturian et al., 1984; Mansour et al., 1988; Mezey et al., 1985; Stengaard-Pedersen & Larsson, 1981; Watson et al., 1989). These β-endorphin projection fields should identify locations where β-endorphin and its derivatives are released and could act to modulate dopamine and subsequently alcohol-drinking behavior.
The circumventricular organs: An atlas of comparative anatomy and vascularization
2007, Brain Research ReviewsCitation Excerpt :However, this role of the deep capillary network (and especially of the long capillary loops) is not well accepted at present time because the special ependymal layer may not allow these exchanges. If this is the case, special ependymal cells, the tanycites may establish the link between the ventricular cavity and the median eminence (Assenmacher, 1952; Benoit and Assenmacher, 1951; Green and Harris, 1947; Merchenthaler et al., 1982; Mezey et al., 1985; Page, 1986; Singh and Dominic, 1975; Talanti and Kivalo, 1961; Wislocki and King, 1936; Xuereb et al., 1954). (Domestic cat: Figs. 22–24; fox: Figs. 25, 26; domestic rabbit: Figs. 27, 28; domestic dog: Fig. 29; old world badger: Fig. 30; pig: Fig. 31; vervet monkey: Fig. 32; garden doormouse: Fig. 33; hamster: Fig. 34; human: Figs. 35–37; pigeon Figs. 38, 39; duck: Fig. 40).