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Traumatic Brain Injury Using Mouse Models

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Abstract

The use of mouse models in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has several advantages compared to other animal models including low cost of breeding, easy maintenance, and innovative technology to create genetically modified strains. Studies using knockout and transgenic mice demonstrating functional gain or loss of molecules provide insight into basic mechanisms of TBI. Mouse models provide powerful tools to screen for putative therapeutic targets in TBI. This article reviews currently available mouse models that replicate several clinical features of TBI such as closed head injuries (CHI), penetrating head injuries, and a combination of both. CHI may be caused by direct trauma creating cerebral concussion or contusion. Sudden acceleration–deceleration injuries of the head without direct trauma may also cause intracranial injury by the transmission of shock waves to the brain. Recapitulation of temporary cavities that are induced by high-velocity penetrating objects in the mouse brain are difficult to produce, but slow brain penetration injuries in mice are reviewed. Synergistic damaging effects on the brain following systemic complications are also described. Advantages and disadvantages of CHI mouse models induced by weight drop, fluid percussion, and controlled cortical impact injuries are compared. Differences in the anatomy, biomechanics, and behavioral evaluations between mice and humans are discussed. Although the use of mouse models for TBI research is promising, further development of these techniques is warranted.

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Abbreviations

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

DAI:

Diffuse axonal injury

PBI:

Penetrating brain injury

CHI:

Closed head injury

CCI:

Controlled cortical impact

FPI:

Fluid percussion injury

SBS:

Shaken baby syndrome

bTBI:

Blast-induced traumatic brain injury

PTSD:

Post-traumatic stress disorder

PI:

Postinjury

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Conflict of Interest

Yi Ping Zhang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Jun Cai declares that he has no conflict of interest. Lisa B.E. Shields declares that she has no conflict of interest. Naikui Liu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Xiao-Ming Xu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Christopher B. Shields declares that he has ownership in the Louisville Impactor System, Inc.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, 210 East Gray Street, Suite 1102, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA

    Yi Ping Zhang, Lisa B. E. Shields & Christopher B. Shields

  2. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Donald Baxter Building, Suite 321B, 570 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA

    Jun Cai

  3. Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, R3 C420D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

    Naikui Liu, Xiao-Ming Xu & Christopher B. Shields

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  1. Yi Ping Zhang
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  2. Jun Cai
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  3. Lisa B. E. Shields
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Correspondence to Christopher B. Shields.

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Zhang, Y.P., Cai, J., Shields, L.B.E. et al. Traumatic Brain Injury Using Mouse Models. Transl. Stroke Res. 5, 454–471 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-014-0327-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-014-0327-0

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