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GABAA Receptors in the Mongolian Gerbil: a PET Study Using [18F]Flumazenil to Determine Receptor Binding in Young and Old Animals

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Abstract

Purpose

Plastic changes in the central auditory system involving the GABAergic system accompany age-related hearing loss. Such processes can be investigated with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using [18F]flumazenil ([18F]FMZ). Here, [18F]FMZ PET-based modeling approaches allow a simple and reliable quantification of GABAA receptor binding capacity revealing regional differences and age-related changes.

Procedures

Sixty-minute list-mode PET acquisitions were performed in 9 young (range 5–6 months) and 11 old (range 39–42 months) gerbils, starting simultaneously with the injection of [18F]FMZ via femoral vein. Non-displaceable binding potentials (BPnd) with pons as reference region were calculated for auditory cortex (AC), inferior colliculus (IC), medial geniculate body (MGB), somatosensory cortex (SC), and cerebellum (CB) using (i) a two-tissue compartment model (2TCM), (ii) the Logan plot with image-derived blood-input (Logan (BI)), (iii) a simplified reference tissue model (SRTM), and (iv) the Logan reference model (Logan (RT)). Statistical parametric mapping analysis (SPM) comparing young and old gerbils was performed using 3D parametric images for BPnd based on SRTM. Results were verified with in vitro autoradiography from five additional young gerbils. Model assessment included the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Hearing was evaluated using auditory brainstem responses.

Results

BPnd differed significantly between models (p < 0.0005), showing the smallest mean difference between 2TCM as reference and SRTM as simplified procedure. SRTM revealed the lowest AIC values. Both volume of distribution (r2 = 0.8793, p = 0.018) and BPnd (r2 = 0.8216, p = 0.034) correlated with in vitro autoradiography data. A significant age-related decrease of receptor binding was observed in auditory (AC, IC, MGB) and other brain regions (SC and CB) (p < 0.0001, unpaired t test) being confirmed by SPM using pons as reference (p < 0.0001, uncorrected).

Conclusion

Imaging of GABAA receptor binding capacity in gerbils using [18F]FMZ PET revealed SRTM as a simple and robust quantification method of GABAA receptors. Comparison of BPnd in young and old gerbils demonstrated an age-related decrease of GABAA receptor binding.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Alexander Kanwischer and Petra Felsch for their support in performing the PET scans.

Funding

This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2177/1 - Project ID 390895286.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

Procedures, care, and treatment of the gerbils were conducted in conformity with the institutional responsible person for animal welfare at Hannover Medical School and in accordance with a permit issued by the responsible local authority (Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, LAVES, Lower Saxony, Germany). The use of animals in this study also complies with the “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” (NIH).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany

    M. Kessler, M. Mamach, M. Lukacevic, S. Eilert, P. Bascuñana, F. M. Bengel, J. P. Bankstahl, T. L. Ross & G. Berding

  2. Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover Medical School and University of Oldenburg, Hannover, Germany

    M. Kessler, M. Mamach, G. M. Klump & G. Berding

  3. Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany

    M. Mamach

  4. Division of Animal Physiology and Behaviour, Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany

    R. Beutelmann & G. M. Klump

  5. ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds GmbH, Heinrich-Glaeser-Strasse 10-14, 01454, Radeberg, Germany

    A. Fasel

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Kessler, M., Mamach, M., Beutelmann, R. et al. GABAA Receptors in the Mongolian Gerbil: a PET Study Using [18F]Flumazenil to Determine Receptor Binding in Young and Old Animals. Mol Imaging Biol 22, 335–347 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-019-01371-0

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