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Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in the Subgranular Zone of the Dentate Gyrus in a Rat Model of Type II Diabetes

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In the present study, we investigated the effects of a treadmill exercise on serum glucose levels and Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX) immunoreactivity, which is a marker of cell proliferation expressed during cell cycles except G0 and early G1 and a marker of progenitors differentiating into neurons, respectively, in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (SZDG) using a type II diabetic model. At 6 weeks of age, Zucker lean control (ZLC) and Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were put on a treadmill with or without running for 1 h/day/5 consecutive days at 22 m/min for 5 weeks. Body weight was significantly increased in the control (without running)-ZDF rats compared to that in the other groups. In the control groups blood glucose levels were increased by 392.7 mg/dl in the control-ZDF rats and by 143.3 mg/dl in the control-ZLC rats. However, in the exercise groups, blood glucose levels were similar between the exercise-ZLC and ZDF rats: The blood glucose levels were 110.0 and 118.2 mg/dl, respectively. Ki67 positive nuclei were detected in the SZDG in control and exercise groups. The number of Ki67 positive nuclei was significantly high in exercise groups compared to that in the control groups. In addition, Ki67 positive cells were abundant in ZLC groups compared to those in ZDF groups. DCX-immunoreactive structures in the control-ZDF rats were lower than that in the control-ZLC rats. In the exercise groups, DCX-immunoreactive structures (somata and processes with tertiary dendrites) and DCX protein levels were markedly increased in both the exercise-ZLC and ZDF rats compared to that in the control groups. These results suggest that a treadmill exercise reduces blood glucose levels in ZDF rats and increases cell proliferation and differentiation in the SZDG in ZLC and ZDF rats compared to those in control groups.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mr. Seok Han, Mr. Seung Uk Lee and Ms. Hyun Sook Kim for their technical help in this study. This work was supported by the stem cell research program of Ministry of Science & Technology, grants (M10641450002-07N4145-00210).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea

    Sun Shin Yi, In Koo Hwang, Il Yong Kim, Yo Na Kim, In Se Lee, Je Kyung Seong & Yeo Sung Yoon

  2. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, South Korea

    Ki-Yeon Yoo, Ok Kyu Park, Jiatian Yu, Bingchun Yan & Moo-Ho Won

  3. Department of Food and Nutrition, Anyang University, Anyang, 430-714, South Korea

    Tongkun Pai

  4. Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea

    Wook Song

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  1. Sun Shin Yi
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Correspondence to Je Kyung Seong or Yeo Sung Yoon.

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Yi, S.S., Hwang, I.K., Yoo, KY. et al. Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in the Subgranular Zone of the Dentate Gyrus in a Rat Model of Type II Diabetes. Neurochem Res 34, 1039–1046 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-008-9870-y

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