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Calcium Stores in Vertebrate Photoreceptors

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Book cover Calcium Signaling

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 740))

Abstract

This review lays out the emerging evidence for the fundamental role of Ca2+ stores and store-operated channels in the Ca2+ homeostasis of rods and cones. Calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) is a major contributor to steady-state and light-evoked photoreceptor Ca2+ homeostasis in the darkness whereas store-operated Ca2+ channels play a more significant role under sustained illumination conditions. The homeostatic response includes dynamic interactions between the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and/or outer segment disk organelles which dynamically sequester, accumulate and release Ca2+. Coordinated activation of SERCA transporters, ryanodine receptors (RyR), inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and TRPC channels amplifies cytosolic voltage-operated signals but also provides a memory trace of previous exposures to light. Store-operated channels, activated by the STIM1 sensor, prevent pathological decrease in [Ca2+]i mediated by excessive activation of PMCA transporters in saturating light. CICR and SOCE may also modulate the transmission of afferent and efferent signals in the outer retina. Thus, Ca2+ stores provide additional complexity, adaptability, tuneability and speed to photoreceptor signaling.

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (EY13870, EY014800), Foundation Fighting Blindness, the Moran TIGER award and an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness to the Moran Eye Institute at the University of Utah.

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  1. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA

    David Križaj

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  1. David Križaj
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Correspondence to David Križaj .

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  1. , Department of Clinical Sciences and Educ, Karolinska Institutet, Tulegatan 26, Stockholm, SE-118 83, Sweden

    Md. Shahidul Islam

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Križaj, D. (2012). Calcium Stores in Vertebrate Photoreceptors. In: Islam, M. (eds) Calcium Signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 740. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_39

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