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Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging pp 65–108Cite as

Magnetic Resonance Relaxation and Quantitative Measurement in the Brain

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 711))

Abstract

Underlying the exquisite soft tissue contrast provided by magnetic resonance imaging are the inherent biophysical processes of relaxation. Through the intricate relationships between tissue microstructure and biochemistry and the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates, quantitative measurement of these relaxation parameters is informative of tissue change associated with disease, neural plasticity, and other biological processes. Quantitative imaging studies can further facilitate more detailed characterizations of tissue, providing a more direct link between modern MR imaging and classic histochemical and histological studies. In this chapter, we briefly review the biophysical basis of relaxation, introducing and focusing specifically on the T 1, T 2, and T 2 * relaxation times and detail some of the more widely used and clinically feasible techniques for their in vivo measurement. Methods for analyzing relaxation data are covered, and a summary of significant results from reported neuroimaging studies is provided. Finally, the combination of relaxation time data with other quantitative imaging data, including diffusion tensor and magnetization transfer, is examined, with the aim of providing more thorough characterization of brain tissue.

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Acknowledgments

A special thanks is extended to those who provided clinical examples and imaging data used herein: Prof. Derek Jones, Dr. Shannon Kolind, Dr. Janneke Zinkstok, Dr. Marco Catani, Dr. Emma Burkus, Dr. Mark Richardson, Katrina McMullin, Catherine Traynor, and Sarah Kwan. A debt of gratitude is owed to Dr. David Lythgoe, Dr. Fernando Zelya, Astrid Pauls, and Katrina McMullen for proof reading and comments.

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  1. Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Sean C.L. Deoni

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  1. Sean C.L. Deoni
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Correspondence to Sean C.L. Deoni .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Coldharbour Lane 125, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom

    Michel Modo

  2. Institute of Cell Engineering, Dept Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Med., Rutland Ave. 720, Baltimore, 21205, Maryland, USA

    Jeff W.M. Bulte

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Deoni, S.C. (2011). Magnetic Resonance Relaxation and Quantitative Measurement in the Brain. In: Modo, M., Bulte, J. (eds) Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 711. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-992-5_4

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