Novel object habituation | |||||||||||||||||
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Genotype | Cohort | Genotype × cohort | Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||||||
Test | Data structure | WT | Het | KO | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vs KO | |
Total distance (cm) | 2wANOVAA | Nonnormal | 3616.84 ± 351.4 | 3111.83 ± 221.31 | 3118.64 ± 277.29 | 0.724 | 0.490 | 0.166 | 15.022 | 0.000 | 0.967 | 0.927 | 0.402 | 0.202 | − | − | − |
Time in left side (s) | 2wANOVA | Normal | 314.74 ± 20.15 | 306.42 ± 15.26 | 276.81 ± 23.06 | 1.079 | 0.348 | 0.229 | 0.100 | 0.753 | 0.061 | 2.014 | 0.144 | 0.397 | − | − | − |
Time in right side (s) | 2wANOVA | Normal | 284.74 ± 20.17 | 293.06 ± 15.23 | 322.76 ± 23.1 | 1.086 | 0.345 | 0.230 | 0.112 | 0.739 | 0.062 | 2.009 | 0.145 | 0.396 | − | − | − |
Time spend in left vs right half side | Test | Data structure | All F | All p value | Power | WT F | WT p value | Power | Het F | Het p value | Power | KO F | KO p value | Power | |||
- Side | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 0.001 | 0.979 | 0.052 | 0.445 | 0.514 | 0.097 | 0.145 | 0.708 | 0.065 | 1.249 | 0.279 | 0.184 | |||
- Cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 12.824 | 0.001 | 0.937 | 3.326 | 0.086 | 0.406 | 10.401 | 0.005 | 0.860 | 3.035 | 0.100 | 0.376 | |||
- Side × cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 0.044 | 0.835 | 0.062 | 0.096 | 0.761 | 0.060 | 1.352 | 0.261 | 0.195 | 2.506 | 0.132 | 0.321 | |||
Novel object recognition: training with two identical objects | |||||||||||||||||
Genotype | Cohort | Genotype × cohort | Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||||||
Test | Data structure | WT | Het | KO | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | WT vsHet | WT vs KO | Het vs KO | |
Total distance (cm) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 2421.86 ± 196.94 | 2175 ± 173.66 | 1631.78 ± 118.14 | 5.366 | 0.008 | 0.820 | 2.961 | 0.091 | 0.393 | 0.804 | 0.453 | 0.180 | 0.540 | 0.004 | 0.059 |
Time in left side (s) | 2wANOVA | Normal | 150.86 ± 9.32 | 148.91 ± 10.25 | 176.59 ± 16.36 | 1.489 | 0.235 | 0.303 | 0.040 | 0.843 | 0.054 | 0.905 | 0.411 | 0.198 | − | − | − |
Time in right side (s) | 2wANOVA | Normal | 148.86 ± 9.35 | 150.82 ± 10.23 | 122.95 ± 16.33 | 1.511 | 0.230 | 0.307 | 0.042 | 0.839 | 0.055 | 0.896 | 0.414 | 0.196 | − | − | − |
Number of side switches | 2wANOVA | Normal | 15.94 ± 1.28 | 14.26 ± 1 | 13.89 ± 1.21 | 0.822 | 0.445 | 0.183 | 0.259 | 0.613 | 0.079 | 0.459 | 0.635 | 0.121 | − | − | − |
Number of left object exploration | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 21.84 ± 2.83 | 19.52 ± 2.54 | 14.1 ± 1.67 | 2.641 | 0.081 | 0.502 | 0.335 | 0.565 | 0.088 | 1.071 | 0.350 | 0.227 | 0.777 | 0.070 | 0.261 |
Number of right object exploration | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 33.42 ± 7.21 | 28.84 ± 7.87 | 16.78 ± 2.65 | 1.558 | 0.220 | 0.316 | 2.295 | 0.136 | 0.318 | 0.443 | 0.645 | 0.118 | − | − | − |
Time exploring left object (s) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 22.2 ± 3.15 | 19.89 ± 3.1 | 10.67 ± 2.11 | 4.527 | 0.015 | 0.747 | 0.536 | 0.467 | 0.111 | 0.993 | 0.377 | 0.214 | 0.834 | 0.016 | 0.066 |
Time exploring right object (s) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 23.97 ± 3.28 | 23.94 ± 4.06 | 11.28 ± 2.37 | 5.322 | 0.008 | 0.817 | 2.582 | 0.114 | 0.351 | 0.277 | 0.759 | 0.092 | 1.000 | 0.024 | 0.025 |
Latency to left object (s) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 15.89 ± 4.3 | 21.74 ± 7.62 | 20.67 ± 3.94 | 0.353 | 0.704 | 0.104 | 0.068 | 0.796 | 0.057 | 0.138 | 0.872 | 0.070 | − | − | − |
Latency to right object (s) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 15.03 ± 3.6 | 13.99 ± 5.42 | 17.92 ± 3.01 | 0.348 | 0.708 | 0.103 | 3.325 | 0.074 | 0.432 | 0.816 | 0.448 | 0.182 | − | − | − |
Total number of object exploration | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 55.26 ± 9.69 | 48.36 ± 9.86 | 30.89 ± 4.09 | 1.992 | 0.147 | 0.393 | 0.959 | 0.332 | 0.161 | 0.596 | 0.555 | 0.144 | − | − | − |
Total time exploring objects (s) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 46.18 ± 5.82 | 43.83 ± 6.59 | 21.95 ± 4.26 | 5.733 | 0.006 | 0.846 | 1.680 | 0.201 | 0.246 | 0.041 | 0.960 | 0.056 | 0.954 | 0.011 | 0.024 |
Latency to any object (s) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 8.92 ± 3.11 | 13.43 ± 5.8 | 17.5 ± 3.36 | 0.674 | 0.514 | 0.157 | 1.455 | 0.233 | 0.220 | 0.482 | 0.621 | 0.125 | − | − | − |
Sniffing time,left vs right (s) | Test | Data structure | All F | All p value | Power | WT F | WT p value | Power | Het F | Het p value | Power | KO F | KO p value | Power | |||
- Side | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 2.505 | 0.119 | 0.343 | 1.375 | 0.257 | 0.198 | 1.701 | 0.209 | 0.234 | 0.128 | 0.725 | 0.063 | |||
- Cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 0.943 | 0.336 | 0.159 | 0.245 | 0.627 | 0.075 | 0.607 | 0.447 | 0.114 | 1.226 | 0.284 | 0.182 | |||
- Side × cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 1.598 | 0.211 | 0.237 | 7.358 | 0.015 | 0.725 | 0.829 | 0.375 | 0.138 | 1.756 | 0.203 | 0.240 | |||
Number of interactions, left vs right | Test | Data structure | All F | All p value | Power | WT F | WT p value | Power | Het F | Het p value | Power | KO F | KO p value | Power | |||
- Side | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 8.030 | 0.006 | 0.795 | 4.264 | 0.055 | 0.495 | 2.075 | 0.168 | 0.275 | 3.519 | 0.078 | 0.425 | |||
- Cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 1.277 | 0.263 | 0.199 | 1.149 | 0.299 | 0.173 | 0.375 | 0.548 | 0.089 | 0.311 | 0.585 | 0.082 | |||
- Side × cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 6.312 | 0.015 | 0.694 | 1.703 | 0.209 | 0.234 | 2.023 | 0.173 | 0.269 | 6.059 | 0.025 | 0.641 | |||
Time in left vs right halves (s) | Test | Data structure | All F | All p value | Power | WT F | WT p value | Power | Het F | Het p value | Power | KO F | KO p value | Power | |||
- Side | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 1.555 | 0.218 | 0.232 | 0.000 | 0.994 | 0.050 | 0.013 | 0.909 | 0.051 | 2.506 | 0.132 | 0.321 | |||
- Cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 0.591 | 0.445 | 0.117 | 0.142 | 0.711 | 0.065 | 3.906 | 0.065 | 0.462 | 0.161 | 0.693 | 0.067 | |||
- Side × cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 0.110 | 0.742 | 0.062 | 0.371 | 0.551 | 0.089 | 0.224 | 0.642 | 0.073 | 0.856 | 0.368 | 0.141 | |||
Novel object recognition: test with one new object | |||||||||||||||||
Genotype | Cohort | Genotype × cohort | Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||||||
Test | Data structure | WT | Het | KO | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vs KO | |
Total distance (cm) | 2wANOVA | Normal | 1973.56 ± 156.94 | 1482.1 ± 167.46 | 1057.83 ± 110.93 | 9.082 | 0.000 | 0.968 | 0.000 | 0.989 | 0.050 | 1.066 | 0.352 | 0.227 | 0.059 | 0.000 | 0.117 |
Time in new object side (s) | 2wANOVA | Normal | 151.59 ± 9.78 | 143.64 ± 15.18 | 174.14 ± 19.84 | 0.985 | 0.380 | 0.212 | 0.004 | 0.947 | 0.050 | 0.545 | 0.583 | 0.135 | − | − | − |
Time pre-exposed object side (s) | 2wANOVA | Normal | 147.79 ± 9.8 | 155.86 ± 15.26 | 125.22 ± 19.97 | 0.983 | 0.381 | 0.212 | 0.001 | 0.972 | 0.050 | 0.533 | 0.590 | 0.133 | − | − | − |
Number of side switches | 2wANOVA | Normal | 14.57 ± 0.77 | 9.84 ± 1.32 | 8.52 ± 1.05 | 8.853 | 0.001 | 0.964 | 0.422 | 0.519 | 0.098 | 1.128 | 0.332 | 0.238 | 0.009 | 0.001 | 0.666 |
Number of new object exploration | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 22.73 ± 2.66 | 17.84 ± 2.68 | 6.26 ± 0.93 | 14.115 | 0.000 | 0.998 | 1.316 | 0.257 | 0.203 | 0.241 | 0.787 | 0.086 | 0.289 | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Number of pre-exposed object exploration | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 18.52 ± 4.35 | 13.05 ± 2.92 | 5.78 ± 0.76 | 3.898 | 0.027 | 0.678 | 1.389 | 0.244 | 0.212 | 1.540 | 0.224 | 0.312 | 0.413 | 0.012 | 0.216 |
Time exploring new object (s) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 27.84 ± 3.58 | 21.74 ± 2.89 | 6.04 ± 1.39 | 20.724 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 11.516 | 0.001 | 0.915 | 0.182 | 0.835 | 0.077 | 0.225 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Time exploring pre-exposed object (s) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 12.49 ± 2.05 | 12.03 ± 2.55 | 3.8 ± 0.78 | 6.051 | 0.004 | 0.866 | 0.047 | 0.829 | 0.055 | 0.351 | 0.706 | 0.103 | 0.985 | 0.009 | 0.014 |
Latency new object (s) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 16.68 ± 5.17 | 50.97 ± 18.18 | 72.65 ± 14.88 | 3.295 | 0.045 | 0.600 | 1.589 | 0.213 | 0.236 | 0.299 | 0.743 | 0.095 | 0.193 | 0.043 | 0.753 |
Latency to pre-exposed object (s) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 30.73 ± 8.99 | 49.62 ± 18.45 | 68.71 ± 13.88 | 1.728 | 0.188 | 0.346 | 0.164 | 0.687 | 0.068 | 0.245 | 0.783 | 0.087 | − | − | − |
Total number of object exploration | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 41.26 ± 6.59 | 30.89 ± 5.37 | 12.05 ± 1.53 | 8.267 | 0.001 | 0.952 | 0.036 | 0.850 | 0.054 | 0.920 | 0.405 | 0.200 | 0.321 | 0.000 | 0.029 |
Total time exploringobjects (s) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 40.33 ± 5.04 | 33.77 ± 4.55 | 9.85 ± 1.88 | 17.130 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 5.284 | 0.026 | 0.616 | 0.009 | 0.991 | 0.051 | 0.481 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Novel object, latency to observe any object (s) | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 14.17 ± 4.79 | 16.53 ± 7.27 | 41.36 ± 11.68 | 2.538 | 0.089 | 0.485 | 3.004 | 0.089 | 0.398 | 0.853 | 0.432 | 0.188 | 0.581 | 0.081 | 0.459 |
Sniffing time, new vs pre-exposed object | Test | Data structure | All F | All p value | Power | WT F | WT p value | Power | Het F | Het p value | Power | KO F | KO p value | Power | |||
- Side | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 37.818 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 37.629 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 13.312 | 0.002 | 0.930 | 3.302 | 0.087 | 0.403 | |||
- Cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 2.146 | 0.149 | 0.302 | 1.221 | 0.285 | 0.181 | 1.164 | 0.296 | 0.175 | 14.732 | 0.001 | 0.951 | |||
- Side × cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 8.100 | 0.006 | 0.798 | 5.648 | 0.029 | 0.611 | 4.628 | 0.046 | 0.528 | 3.660 | 0.073 | 0.439 | |||
Number of interactions, new vs pre-exposed | Test | Data structure | All F | All p value | Power | WT F | WT p value | Power | Het F | Het p value | Power | KO F | KO p value | Power | |||
- Side | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 9.499 | 0.003 | 0.857 | 3.824 | 0.067 | 0.454 | 11.442 | 0.004 | 0.890 | 0.314 | 0.582 | 0.083 | |||
- Cohor | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 0.221 | 0.640 | 0.075 | 0.567 | 0.462 | 0.110 | 0.045 | 0.835 | 0.055 | 16.708 | 0.001 | 0.970 | |||
- Side × cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 9.882 | 0.003 | 0.870 | 5.751 | 0.028 | 0.618 | 5.258 | 0.035 | 0.580 | 1.686 | 0.211 | 0.232 | |||
Time in new vs pre-exposed halves (s) | Test | Data structure | All F | All p value | Power | WT F | WT p value | Power | Het F | Het p value | Power | KO F | KO p value | Power | |||
- Side | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 0.565 | 0.456 | 0.114 | 0.029 | 0.867 | 0.053 | 0.185 | 0.673 | 0.069 | 1.375 | 0.257 | 0.198 | |||
- Cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 5.062 | 0.028 | 0.599 | 2.758 | 0.115 | 0.347 | 2.527 | 0.130 | 0.323 | 1.348 | 0.262 | 0.195 | |||
- Side × cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 0.020 | 0.889 | 0.052 | 0.010 | 0.920 | 0.051 | 0.446 | 0.513 | 0.097 | 0.397 | 0.537 | 0.091 | |||
Marble burying | |||||||||||||||||
Genotype | Cohort | Genotype × cohort | Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||||||
Test | Data structure | WT | Het | KO | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vs KO | |
Number of burried marbles | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 13.63 ± 1.29 | 13.78 ± 1 | 3.77 ± 1.07 | 18.723 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.069 | 0.793 | 0.217 | 0.370 | 0.693 | 0.051 | 0.995 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Repetitive novel object contact task, exploration | |||||||||||||||||
Genotype | Cohort | Genotype × cohort | Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||||||
Test | Data structure | WT | Het | KO | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vs KO | |
Time exploring all the objects | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 82.08 ± 11.28 | 84.8 ± 7 | 53.37 ± 5.01 | 7.964 | 0.001 | 0.943 | 24.654 | 0.000 | 0.998 | 0.647 | 0.528 | 0.152 | 0.956 | 0.014 | 0.006 |
Total number of object interactions | 2wANOVA | Normal | 83.27 ± 7.92 | 94.21 ± 6.22 | 83.47 ± 6.4 | 2.108 | 0.133 | 0.412 | 73.475 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.110 | 0.338 | 0.234 | − | − | − |
Nest building | |||||||||||||||||
Genotype | Cohort | Genotype × cohort | Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||||||
Test | Data structure | WT | Het | KO | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vs KO | |
Nest shredded | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 1.84 ± 0.08 | 1.94 ± 0.05 | 1.36 ± 0.15 | 7.785 | 0.001 | 0.939 | 2.814 | 0.100 | 0.377 | 0.364 | 0.697 | 0.105 | 0.455 | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Nest dispersion | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 1.94 ± 0.05 | 1.94 ± 0.05 | 1.73 ± 0.14 | 1.580 | 0.216 | 0.320 | 0.919 | 0.342 | 0.156 | 3.425 | 0.040 | 0.618 | − | − | − |
Nest density | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 1.26 ± 0.14 | 0.73 ± 0.16 | 0.73 ± 0.21 | 2.726 | 0.075 | 0.515 | 0.393 | 0.534 | 0.094 | 0.266 | 0.768 | 0.090 | 0.050 | 0.046 | 0.966 |
Nest shape | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 2.57 ± 0.19 | 2.05 ± 0.23 | 1.36 ± 0.27 | 5.851 | 0.005 | 0.854 | 3.065 | 0.086 | 0.404 | 0.097 | 0.908 | 0.064 | 0.153 | 0.001 | 0.055 |
Nest walls | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 1.21 ± 0.14 | 1 ± 0.18 | 0.42 ± 0.17 | 5.649 | 0.006 | 0.840 | 0.097 | 0.756 | 0.061 | 0.833 | 0.440 | 0.185 | 0.359 | 0.002 | 0.023 |
Nest total score | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 8.84 ± 0.45 | 7.68 ± 0.51 | 5.63 ± 0.73 | 7.223 | 0.002 | 0.921 | 1.121 | 0.295 | 0.180 | 0.020 | 0.980 | 0.053 | 0.184 | 0.000 | 0.019 |
WT, wild-type mice; Het, heterozygous mice; KO, homozygous knock-out mice. Group values are reported as mean ± SEM. Bold font indicates significant results (p < 0.05). Individual results and statistical analyses for cohorts 1 and 2 are available in Extended Data Table 9-1. 2wANOVA: 2-way ANOVA, rMeasures: repeated measures, Sph.ass: sphericity assumed, gen: genotype, coh: cohort.