Table 13.

Detailed results and statistical analyses related to anxiety-like behaviors

Open field thigmotaxis
GenotypeCohortGenotype × cohortPairwise comparisons
TestData structureWTHetKOFp valuePowerFp valuePowerFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vs KO
Border distance (cm)2wANOVANormal10507.07 ± 558.178848.23 ± 548.197942.17 ± 394.996.5370.0030.89210.4430.0020.8870.0800.9230.0620.0220.0010.235
Border distance (cm)TestData structureFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vsKO
- TimerMeasuresSph.viol52.5990.0001.000
- Time × genotyperMeasuresSph.viol2.4960.0070.877
- GenotyperMeasuresSph.viol6.5370.0030.8920.0430.0010.373
- CohortrMeasuresSph.viol10.4430.0020.887
- Time × gen. × coh.rMeasuresSph.viol0.9230.4920.399
- Genotype × cohortrMeasuresSph.viol0.0800.9230.062
GenotypeCohortGenotype × cohortPairwise comparisons
TestData structureWTHetKOFp valuePowerFp valuePowerFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vs KO
Center distance (cm)2wANOVANonnormal3276.58 ± 335.662390.56 ± 291.662139.7 ± 246.943.9320.0260.6829.8900.0030.8700.0490.9520.0570.0360.0110.622
Center distance (cm)TestData structureFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vs KO
- TimerMeasuresSph.viol1.1580.3300.343
- Time × genotyperMeasuresSph.viol1.3270.2370.571
- GenotyperMeasuresSph.viol3.9320.0260.6820.0700.0150.798
- CohortrMeasuresSph.viol9.8900.0030.870
- Time × gen. × coh.rMeasuresSph.viol0.6950.6830.302
- Genotype × cohortrMeasuresSph.viol0.0490.9520.057
GenotypeCohortGenotype × cohortPairwise comparisons
TestData structureWTHetKOFp valuePowerFp valuePowerFp valuePowerWT vsHetWT vs KOHet vs KO
Border/total distance2wANOVANormal76.87 ± 1.5179.57 ± 1.6979.69 ± 1.290.9500.3930.2065.5700.0220.6390.0490.9520.057
Border/total distanceTestData structureFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vsKOHet vs KO
- TimerMeasuresSph.viol5.0350.0010.957
- Time × genotyperMeasuresSph.viol1.1820.3120.531
- GenotyperMeasuresSph.viol1.0170.3690.218
- CohortrMeasuresSph.viol5.8200.0190.658
- Time × gen. × coh.rMeasuresSph.viol0.6790.7050.305
- Genotype × cohortrMeasuresSph.viol0.0940.9110.064
GenotypeCohortGenotype × cohortPairwise comparisons
TestData structureWTHetKOFp valuePowerFp valuePowerFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vsKO
Center/total distance2wANOVANormal22.88 ± 1.5120.15 ± 1.6820.16 ± 1.270.9390.3980.2044.4710.0390.5460.0480.9530.057
Center/total distanceTestData structureFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vsKO
- TimerMeasuresSph.viol5.1770.0010.962
- Time × genotyperMeasuresSph.viol1.1770.3150.527
- GenotyperMeasuresSph.viol1.0010.3750.215
- CohortrMeasuresSph.viol4.7570.0340.571
- Time × gen. × coh.rMeasuresSph.viol0.6520.7280.292
- Genotype × cohortrMeasuresSph.viol0.0880.9160.063
GenotypeCohortGenotype × cohortPairwise comparisons
TestData structureWTHetKOFp valuePowerFp valuePowerFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vs KO
Border/Center distance2wANOVANonnormal3.78 ± 0.384.87 ± 0.744.34 ± 0.360.9900.3790.2133.5220.0660.4530.2160.8070.082
Border/Center distanceTestData structureFpvaluePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vsKO
- TimerMeasuresSph.viol5.1770.0010.240
- Time × genotyperMeasuresSph.viol1.1770.3150.456
- GenotyperMeasuresSph.viol1.0010.3750.309
- CohortrMeasuresSph.viol4.7570.0340.469
- Time × gen. × coh.rMeasuresSph.viol0.6520.7280.196
- Genotype × cohortrMeasuresSph.viol0.0880.9160.230
GenotypeCohortGenotype × cohortPairwise comparisons
TestData structureWTHetKOFp valuePowerFpvaluePowerFpvaluePowerWT vs HetWT vsKOHet vs KO
Border time (s)2wANOVANormal2969.88 ± 70.882993.1 ± 77.463067.4 ± 62.20.4810.6210.1241.0880.3020.1760.5820.5630.141
Border time (s)TestData structureFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vsKO
- TimerMeasuresSph.viol2.9600.0230.773
- Time × genotyperMeasuresSph.viol0.8360.5680.374
- GenotyperMeasuresSph.viol0.4810.6210.124
- CohortrMeasuresSph.viol1.0880.3020.176
- Time × gen. × coh.rMeasuresSph.viol0.7920.6060.354
- Genotype × cohortrMeasuresSph.viol0.5820.5630.141
GenotypeCohortGenotype × cohortPairwise comparisons
TestData structureWTHetKOFp valuePowerFpvaluePowerFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vsKO
Center time (s)2wANOVANormal612.08 ± 71.17587.82 ± 77.5517.59 ± 62.20.4510.6400.1190.8710.3550.1500.5890.5590.143
Center time (s)TestData structureFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vsKO
- TimerMeasuresSph.viol3.2000.0160.807
- Time × genotyperMeasuresSph.viol0.8360.5680.363
- GenotyperMeasuresSph.viol0.4810.6210.119
- CohortrMeasuresSph.viol1.0880.3020.150
- Time × gen. × coh.rMeasuresSph.viol0.7920.6060.090
- Genotype × cohortrMeasuresSph.viol0.5820.5630.143
GenotypeCohortGenotype × cohortPairwise comparisons
TestData structureWTHetKOFp valuePowerFp valuePowerFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vsKO
Border/center time2wANOVANonnormal6.95 ± 1.328.3 ± 1.889.76 ± 2.270.4760.6240.1240.5330.4690.1110.1070.8980.066
Border/center timeTestData structureFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vsKO
- TimerMeasuresSph.viol0.2900.8220.103
- Time × genotyperMeasuresSph.viol1.5750.1630.575
- GenotyperMeasuresSph.viol0.4290.6530.116
- CohortrMeasuresSph.viol1.5460.2200.230
- Time × gen. × coh.rMeasuresSph.viol0.5750.7400.219
- Genotype × cohortrMeasuresSph.viol1.5940.2130.322
Vertical activity in open field
GenotypeCohortGenotype × cohortPairwise comparisons
TestData structureWTHetKOFp valuePowerFp valuePowerFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vsKO
Free rears duration (s)2wANOVANonnormal4.66 ± 1.257.93 ± 1.626.18 ± 1.481.1590.3220.2430.0360.8500.0541.4800.2370.301
Free rears number2wANOVANonnormal8.42 ± 2.1310.63 ± 1.667.57 ± 1.210.8370.4390.1861.9880.1650.2831.3690.2640.281
Wall rears duration (s)2wANOVANonnormal14.68 ± 1.7716.13 ± 2.029.01 ± 0.845.0230.0100.7931.9240.1710.2750.3970.6750.1110.8050.0450.009
Wall rears number2wANOVANonnormal27.26 ± 2.6827.52 ± 2.8619.36 ± 1.883.5760.0350.63819.3060.0000.9910.4140.6630.1130.9960.0360.030
All rears duration (s)2wANOVANonnormal19.34 ± 2.324.07 ± 3.0115.2 ± 1.993.1400.0520.5780.6460.4250.1241.2400.2980.2580.3740.4680.038
All rears number2wANOVANonnormal35.68 ± 3.8338.15 ± 3.9426.94 ± 2.083.2400.0470.59216.1040.0000.9761.2670.2900.2630.8290.1070.028
Zero-maze
GenotypeCohortGenotype ×cohortPairwise comparisons
TestDatastructureWTHetKOFp valuePowerFp valuePowerFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vs KO
Closed arc time, d12wANOVANormal428.66 ± 18.61441.68 ± 13.82456.86 ± 18.310.4000.6720.11113.6840.0010.9520.3110.7340.097
Closed arc time, d22wANOVANonnormal448.33 ± 20.43492.29 ± 16.58487.59 ± 29.633.6520.0330.64636.4590.0001.0000.1140.8930.0660.1380.0090.489
Closed arc time, m2wANOVANormal438.5 ± 18.27466.99 ± 13.34472.23 ± 20.151.9170.1580.37928.8730.0001.0000.2530.7780.088
Open arc time, d12wANOVANormal166.03 ± 18.25153.09 ± 13.6134.72 ± 17.990.5620.5740.13810.4170.0020.8860.4200.6590.114
Open arc time, d22wANOVANonnormal143.08 ± 21.29102.14 ± 16.7478.39 ± 17.833.0630.0560.56637.3150.0001.0000.1510.8600.0720.1940.0150.502
Open arc time, m2wANOVANormal154.55 ± 18.53127.61 ± 13.25106.56 ± 16.41.8630.1660.36926.3430.0000.9990.3400.7130.101
Close/open time, d12wANOVANonnormal4.08 ± 0.853.74 ± 0.985.76 ± 1.60.8200.4470.1829.1720.0040.8430.4380.6480.117
Close/open time, d22wANOVANonnormal6.95 ± 1.9525.36 ± 18.528.98 ± 11.020.9690.3870.2095.9010.0190.6630.7460.4790.169
Close/open time, m2wANOVANonnormal4.61 ± 15.55 ± 1.958.57 ± 2.421.2070.3080.25111.3780.0010.9110.5380.5870.134
Open arc entries, d12wANOVANonnormal48.47 ± 4.8850.52 ± 4.4659.36 ± 7.731.8700.1650.37114.5880.0000.9630.6030.5510.145
Open arc entries, d22wANOVANormal42.42 ± 5.1836.52 ± 4.8329.31 ± 5.071.2380.2990.25719.1300.0000.9900.1370.8720.070
Open arc entries, m2wANOVANormal45.44 ± 4.1643.52 ± 4.0444.34 ± 5.810.1500.8610.07224.7200.0000.9980.4470.6420.119
Open entering arc latency2wANOVANonnormal39.29 ± 13.1647.08 ± 31.3522.99 ± 10.380.3100.7350.0970.6840.4120.1281.2820.2870.265
Open arc crossing latency2wANOVANonnormal149.34 ± 34.87139.69 ± 35.295.2 ± 32.990.7960.4570.1781.5150.2240.2260.3950.6760.110
Close arc dipping number, d12wANOVANonnormal51.73 ± 6.8155.42 ± 6.4851.47 ± 7.310.3030.7400.09654.8070.0001.0000.0350.9650.055
Close arc dipping number, d22wANOVANonnormal31.94 ± 3.0128.94 ± 3.6922.21 ± 3.872.1820.1240.42554.9200.0001.0000.5930.5560.143
Close arc dipping number, m2wANOVANonnormal41.84 ± 4.3142.5 ± 4.4836.84 ± 5.050.2390.7880.08594.6710.0001.0000.1790.8360.076
Close arc dipping time, d12wANOVANonnormal131.15 ± 14.57145.82 ± 14.24117.88 ± 13.740.9840.3810.21157.8920.0001.0000.6480.5270.153
Close arc dipping time, d22wANOVANonnormal94.51 ± 10100.08 ± 13.9864.33 ± 12.462.1110.1320.41326.0040.0000.9990.3420.7120.102
Close arc dipping time, m2wANOVANormal112.83 ± 11.57124.49 ± 12.3791.1 ± 10.182.3860.1030.45972.8280.0001.0000.8110.4500.181
Open arc dipping number, d12wANOVANonnormal27.15 ± 3.6320.26 ± 2.4619.15 ± 3.921.4410.2470.2948.1400.0060.7990.5670.5710.139
Open arc dipping number, d22wANOVANonnormal16.94 ± 3.0412.22 ± 2.348.84 ± 2.541.9380.1550.38317.1310.0000.9820.3320.7190.100
Open arc dipping number, m2wANOVANonnormal22.05 ± 3.1516.97 ± 2.1514 ± 2.92.0600.1380.40415.2160.0000.9690.5020.6090.128
Zero-maze
GenotypeCohortGenotype ×cohortPairwise comparisons
TestDatastructureWTHetKOFp valuePowerFp valuePowerFp valuePowerWT vs HetWT vs KOHet vs KO
Open arc dipping time, d12wANOVANonnormal62.85 ± 10.8342.28 ± 5.1525.57 ± 5.275.7000.0060.84313.9280.0000.9551.7300.1880.3460.0910.0010.245
Open arc dipping time, d22wANOVANonnormal51.3 ± 10.5235.3 ± 8.4417.87 ± 5.343.7980.0290.66520.1040.0000.9930.4270.6550.1150.2780.0080.269
Open arc dipping time, m2wANOVANonnormal57.07 ± 9.6339.17 ± 5.8621.72 ± 4.716.4480.0030.88623.4220.0000.9971.2990.2820.2680.0880.0010.157
Time open vs close, d1TestData structureAll FAll p valuePowerWT FWT p valuePowerHet FHet p valuePowerKO FKO p valuePower
- ZonerMeasuresSph.ass277.3190.0001.00073.8610.0001.000125.3010.0001.00083.2550.0001.000
- CohortrMeasuresSph.ass8.1560.0060.9355.5630.0310.6048.2570.0110.7733.2980.0870.403
- Zone × cohortrMeasuresSph.ass12.5180.0010.8017.2480.0150.7183.0630.0980.3792.1430.1610.282
Time open vs close, d2TestData structureAll FAll p valuePowerWT FWT p valuePowerHet FHet p valuePowerKO FKO p valuePower
- ZonerMeasuresSph.ass440.2810.0001.00094.7670.0001.000278.3170.0001.000119.8430.0001.000
- CohortrMeasuresSph.ass0.5780.4500.2181.2690.2760.1862.4970.1320.3200.9210.3510.148
- Zone × cohortrMeasuresSph.ass25.8480.0001.00012.0540.0030.90518.6240.0000.9823.7490.0700.447
Time open vs close, mTestData structureAll FAll p valuePowerWT FWT pvaluePowerHet FHet pvaluePowerKO FKO pvaluePower
- ZonerMeasuresSph.ass440.2810.0001.000103.4090.0001.000274.3920.0001.000131.5820.0001.000
- CohortrMeasuresSph.ass0.5780.4500.1160.0060.9410.0510.4220.5240.0940.4840.4960.101
- Zone × cohortrMeasuresSph.ass25.8480.0000.99911.7200.0030.89712.7200.0020.9193.7860.0680.451
  • WT, wild-type mice; Het, heterozygous mice; KO, homozygous knock-out mice. Group values are reported as mean ± SEM. Bold font indicates significant results (p < 0.05). Individual results and statistical analyses for cohorts 1 and 2 are available in Extended Data Table 13-1. 2wANOVA: 2-way ANOVA, rMeasures: repeated measures, Norm: normal, No-norm: non-normal, Sph.ass: sphericity assumed, Sph.viol: sphericity violated, gen: genotype, coh: cohort, d1: day 1, d2: day 2, m: day 1 - day 2 mean. 2wANOVA: 2-way ANOVA, rMeasures: repeated measures, Sph.ass: sphericity assumed, Sph.viol: sphericity violated, gen: genotype, coh: cohort, d1: day 1, d2: day 2, m: day 1 - day 2 mean.