Statistical analyses
Location | Comparison | Data Structure | Type of Test | Observed Power |
---|---|---|---|---|
a | Task-relatedness in monkey R and S | Normally distributed | Wilcoxon rank-sum | R: 2.89 × 10−206 – 0.0481; S: 3.79 × 10−102 – 0.0498 |
b | Single-unit selectivity in monkey R | Normally distributed | 2-factor ANOVA | Location: 2.08 × 10−58 – 0.0486; Direction: 1.16 × 10−12 – 0.0496 |
Single-unit selectivity in monkey S | Normally distributed | 2-factor ANOVA | Location: 3.13 × 10−5 – 0.0496; Direction: 7.54 × 10−38 – 0.0445 | |
c, f | Location selectivity vs. chance in monkey R (c) and S (f) | Normally distributed | χ2 test | R: 8.29 × 10−10; S: 0.6972 |
d, g | Direction selectivity vs. chance in monkey R (d) and S (g) | Normally distributed | χ2 test | R: 0.0019; S: 4.13 × 10−10 |
e, h | Overlapping selectivity vs. chance in monkey R (e) and S (h) | Normally distributed | χ2 test | R: 0.0040; S: 0.1016 |
i | Latency of significant difference in responses to preferred and nonpreferred location in monkey R and S | Normally distributed | Student’s t test | R: T = 12.36 ± 5.09; p = 2.46 × 10−45 – 0.0235; S: T = 4.15 ± 1.61; p = 2.98 × 10−8 – 0.0486 |
j | Latency of difference in responses to directions in monkey R and S | Normally distributed | Student’s t test | R: T = 7.14 ± 2.98; p = 4.63 × 10−21 – 0.0461; S: T = 11.41 ± 3.57; p = 4.79 × 10−37 – 0.0253 |
k, o | Decoding attended location using BSU approach vs. chance in monkey R (k) and S (o) | Normally distributed | Exact test | R: <0.01; S: >0.2400 |
l, p | Decoding attended location using BE approach vs. chance in monkey R (l) and S (p) | Normally distributed | Exact test | R: <0.01; S: >0.08 |
m, n | Decoding location from decorrelated BE (m) and BSU (n) ensembles in monkey R | Normally distributed | Paired t test | BE: p = 0.0091 – 0.0489; BSU: p = 0.2074 |
q, r | Decoding direction from decorrelated BE (q) and BSU (r) ensembles in monkey S | Normally distributed | Paired t test | BE: p = 1.59 × 10−4 – 0.0495; BSU: p = 0.0373 – 0.0499 |
s | Comparing BE Nmax decoding performance in monkey S to chance | Normally distributed | Exact test | 0.8000 |
t, u | Decoding motion direction using BSU approach vs. chance in monkey R (t) and S (u) | Normally distributed | Exact test | R: <0.01; S: <0.01 |
v, w | Decoding motion direction using BE approach vs. chance in monkey R (v) and S (w) | Normally distributed | Exact test | R: <0.01; S: <0.01 |
x, y | Decoding location from decorrelated BE ensembles in monkey R (x) and S (y) | Normally distributed | Paired t test | R: p = 1.43x10−4 – 0.0469S: p = 6.19x10−5 – 0.0458 |
z, aa | Comparing location decoding between animals using BE (z) and BSU (aa) | Normally distributed | Unpaired t test | BE: 5.69 × 10−7 – 2.99 × 10−4; BSU: 1.05 × 10−5 – 4.02 × 10−4 |
bb, cc | Comparing motion direction decoding between animals using BE (bb) and BSU (cc) | Normally distributed | Unpaired t test | BE: 2.74 × 10−6 – 0.0080; BSU: 1.46 × 10−5 – 0.0191 |
dd, ee | Comparing max. location decoding performance between ensemble types in monkey R (dd) and S (ee) | Normally distributed | Wilcoxon signed-rank | R: 0.1250; S: 0.0625 |
ff, gg | Comparing max. direction decoding performance between ensemble types in monkey R (ff) and S (gg) | Normally distributed | Wilcoxon rank-sum | R: 0.1250; S: 0.0625 |
hh | Comparing maximum location decoding performance between ensemble types for each recording session | Normally distributed | Wilcoxon signed-rank | 0.0039 |
ii | Comparing maximum direction decoding performance between ensemble types for each recording session | Normally distributed | Wilcoxon signed-rank | 0.0039 |
jj | Comparing ensemble sizes with maximum decoding performance across stimulus features | Normally distributed | Wilcoxon signed-rank | 0.0198 |
kk | Comparing ensemble sizes with 90% of maximum decoding performance across stimulus features | Normally distributed | Wilcoxon signed-rank | 0.0293 |
ll, mm | Decoding attended location across all trial outcomes vs. chance in monkey R (ll) and S (mm) | Normally distributed | Exact test | R: <0.01; S: 0.2840 |
nn, oo | Decoding location across all hit trials vs. chance in monkey R (nn) and S (oo) | Normally distributed | Exact test | R: <0.01; S: 0.0160 |
pp, qq | Decoding location across all error trials vs. chance in monkey R (pp) and S (qq) | Normally distributed | Exact test | R: 0.4300; S: 0.3760 |
rr, ss | Decoding location across all false positive trials vs. chance in monkey R (rr) and S (ss) | Normally distributed | Exact test | R: 0.4600; S: 0.6600 |
tt, uu | Decoding motion direction in across all outcomes vs. chance in monkey R (tt) and S (uu) | Normally distributed | Exact test | R: <0.01; S: <0.01 |
vv ww | Decoding motion direction across all hit trials vs. chance in monkey R (vv) and S (ww) | Normally distributed | Exact test | R: <0.01; S: <0.01 |
xx, yy | Decoding motion direction across all error trials vs. chance in monkey R (xx) and S (yy) | Normally distributed | Exact test | R: 0.5500; S: <0.01 |
zz, aaa | Decoding motion direction in false positive trials vs. chance in monkey R (zz) and S (aaa) | Normally distributed | Exact test | R: 0.3850; S: <0.01 |
Superscript letters refer to the statistical tests in figures, Results, and Tables 2 and 3.