Table 1.

Whole-brain results of VBM during the experimental tasks: loop closure, distance tracking, and angle tracking

Contrast	Brain region	Left			Right
		k	t	MNI x,y,z	k	t	MNI x,y,z
Loop
Correlation with better performance	vmPFC/gyrus rectus	335	6.11^*	–2,14,–20	335	3.53	3,14,–18
	Medial prefrontal cortex				1127	4.35	12,54,9
	Cingulate (anterior)	1127	4.29	–8,32,–8		3.85	3,42,–3
	Putamen	617	4.20	–26,12,–11
	Sylvian fissure	370	5.15	–42,–12,–12
	Retrosplenial cortex	373	3.77	–6,–54,20
	Cuneus				373	3.39	8,–72,22
	Lateral occipital gyrus	525	5.19^*	–21,–96,–9
Correlation with worse performance	Cerebellum lobule III	669	4.47	–3,–56,–10	669	3.27	2,–45,–12
	Cerebellum lobule IV		3.58	–6,–47,–6		4.88^*	2,–47,–6
	Cerebellum lobule IX				973	5.63^*	20,–38,–50
	Cerebellum lobule VIIB					3.71	35,–42,–48
Distance
Correlation with better performance
Correlation with worse performance
Angle
Correlation with better performance	Cerebellum lobule IX				1782	3.88	8,–62,–36
	Cerebellum lobule VIIIB					4.39	20,–62,–45
	Cerebellum crus I	737	4.01	–41,–42,–39		3.77	18,–83,–20
	Cerebellum crus II					3.32	12,–70,–38
Correlation with worse performance	vmPFC/gyrus rectus				536	3.53	5,27,–23
	Orbitofrontal cortex					4.29	12,48,–20
	Inferior frontal gyrus				1749	3.77	44,24,–6
	Sylvian fissure	630	5.90	–42,6,4		3.99	42,8,11
	Superior temporal gyrus					3.96	48,4,–4
	Insula (anterior)		4.19	–38,18,2		3.22	32,26,–2
	Intraparietal sulcus	1319	5.59^*	–21,–81,29
	Parietal-occipital sulcus		4.80	–18,–74,38

Correlations of local gray matter volumes with good and poor performance are listed for all tasks, with the size of the cluster (k), and t value and MNI coordinate of the peak voxel. These values reflect a voxel-wise statistical threshold of p < 0.01 corrected to family-wise p < 0.05 with a minimum cluster threshold of 333 voxels.
↵* Result holds at the voxel-wise p < 0.001 level (family-wise p < 0.05, minimum cluster threshold of 120 voxels).