Table 4:

Summary of findings

WD effectPS effectWD × PS interactions
Biometrics
Body weight↑↑n.s.
Caloric consumption↑↑n.s.
Fasting blood glucosen.s.n.s.n.s.
Postprandial blood glucosen.s.n.s.s.
Behavioral
ASRn.s.↑n.s.
ASR habituation↑n.s.n.s.
Prepulse inhibitionn.s.n.s.n.s.
OF center entries and durationn.s.↑n.s.
OF anxiety indexn.s.↑n.s.
OF distance traveledn.s.↓n.s.
EPM open arm entries and duration↓↓n.s.
EPM anxiety index↑↑n.s.
EPM head dipping zone↓n.s.n.s.
EPM stretched posturesn.s.↑n.s.
FST mobilityn.s.n.s.n.s.
Endocrine
Corticosterone levelsn.s.n.s.n.s.
FKBP51 protein levels↑n.s.n.s.
Plasma leptin levels↑n.s.n.s.
Plasma triglyceridesn.s.n.s.n.s.
Anatomical
Brain volumen.s.↑n.s.
HPCV↓n.s.s.
Ventral HPCV↓n.s.n.s.
Dorsal HPCVn.s.↑n.s.
Left HPCV↓n.s.s.
Right HPCVn.s.n.s.n.s.
Left lateral ventricle volume↑n.s.n.s.
Right lateral ventricle volumen.s.n.s.n.s.
Histological
HPC microglia density/arean.s.n.d.n.d.
HPC blood vessel density/area↓n.d.n.d.

  • HPCV, HPC volume; OF, open field; s., significant main effect; n.s., nonsignificant main effect; n.d., not determined. Our cross-scale study design allowed for the identification of fundamental relationships among neuroanatomical and neurovascular structure, neuroendocrine function, and behavior. Table shows statistically significant main effects of the WD, PS, or interactions as determined by two-way ANOVA. Arrows depict whether the WD or PS significantly altered the outcome measures and the direction of change.