Statistics
| Data structure | Test | Exact p value (or estimated n) | N | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | Animal morbidity | Kaplan–Meier curves, one-factor, btw (age) | χ2 | 0.001 (age) | 17 y; 17 m; 17 a |
| b | Horizontal BB | One-factor, btw (age) | ANOVA | 0.27 (age) | 17 y; 17 m; 17 a |
| c | Rearing | One-factor, btw (age) | ANOVA | 0.24 (age) | 17 y; 17 m; 17 a |
| d | % BB in center | One-factor, btw (age) | ANOVATukey’s | 0.004 (age) 0.004 (y vs a), 0.027 (y vs m), 0.73 (m vs a) | 17 y; 17 m; 17 a |
| e | Barnes maze training (distance) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (trial) | ANOVATukey’s | 0.018 (age), <0.0001 (trial), 0.67 (age × trial) 0.015 (y vs a), 0.15 (y vs m), 0.55 (m vs a) | 17 y; 17 m; 16 a |
| f | Barnes maze training (velocity) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (trial) | ANOVATukey’s | 0.044 (age), <0.0001 (trial), 0.006 (age × trial) 0.25 (y vs a), 0.037 (y vs m), 0.64 (m vs a) | 17 y; 17 m; 16 a |
| g | Barnes maze probe (bouts; all age groups) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (hole type) | ANOVATukey’s | 0.035 (age), <0.0001 (hole type), 0.053 (age × hole type) Age: 0.047 (y vs a), 0.087 (y vs m), 0.95 (m vs a); Hole type: <0.0001 Target hole: 0.043 (y vs a), 0.13 (y vs m), 0.84 (m vs a) Nontarget hole: 0.77 (y vs a), 0.15 (y vs m), 0.47 (m vs a) | 17 y; 17 m; 16 a |
| h | Barnes maze probe (Δ bouts and % BB) | Two variables:Δ bouts (at target – average nontarget hole) and % BB in center in aged mice | Pearson’s r | p = 0.046 | 16 a |
| i | Barnes maze reversal (distance) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (trial) | ANOVA | 0.77 (age), <0.0001 (trial), 0.14 (age x trial) | 17 y; 17 m; 16 a |
| j | Barnes maze reversal (velocity) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (trial) | ANOVA | 0.28 (age), 0.0005 (trial), 0.36 (age × trial) | 17 y; 17 m; 16 a |
| k | FC training (% freezing) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (training phase) | ANOVA | 0.42 (age), <0.0001 (training phase); 0.82 (age × training phase) | 17 y; 17 m; 14 a |
| l | FC training (motion index) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (time) | ANOVA | 0.65 (age), <0.0001 (time),0.67 (age × time) | 17 y; 17 m; 14 a |
| m | FC context test (% freezing) | One-factor, btw (age) | ANOVATukey’s | 0.046 (age) 0.89 (y vs a), 0.12 (y vs m), 0.057 (m vs a) | 17 y; 17 m; 14 a |
| n | FC cue test (% freezing) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (test phase) | ANOVATukey’s | 0.31 (age), <0.0001 (test phase), 0.030 (age × test phase)Pre CS: 0.72 (y vs a), 0.73 (y vs m), 0.99 (m vs a) During CS: 0.12 (y vs a), 0.24 (y vs m), m vs a (0.88) | 17 y; 17 m; 14 a |
| o | Acoustic startle(movement intensity) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (stimulus intensity) | ANOVATukey’s | <0.0001 (age) <0.0001 (stimulus intensity) <0.0001 (age × stimulus intens.)Age: <0.0001 (y vs a), 0.64 (y vs m), <0.0001 (m vs a) | 17 y; 17 m; 14 a |
| p | Acoustic startle [slope (movement intensity/dB)] | One-factor, btw (age) | ANOVATukey’s | p < 0.0001 (age) Age: <0.0001 (y vs a), 0.12 (y vs m), <0.0001 (m vs a) | 17 y; 17 m; 14 a |
| q | Multimodal AA (D1: % AA) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (blocks) | ANOVATukey’s | <0.0001 (age) <0.0001 (block)<0.0001 (age × block)Age: <0.0001 (y vs a), 0.36 (y vs m), 0.001 (m vs a) | 8 y; 8 m; 8 a |
| r | Multimodal AA (D2: % AA) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (blocks) | ANOVATukey’s | <0.0001 (age) <0.0001 (block)0.005 (age × block) Age: <0.0001 (y vs a), 0.79 (y vs m), <0.0001 (m vs a) | 8 y; 8 m; 8 a |
| s | Multimodal AA (D1: slope (% AA/block) | One-factor, btw (age) | ANOVATukey’s | Age: 0.002 0.007 (y vs a), 0.98 (y vs m), 0.005 (m vs a) | 8 y; 8 m; 8 a |
| t | Multimodal AA (D2: slope (% AA/block) | One-factor, btw (age) | ANOVATukey’s | Age: 0.024 0.023 (y vs a), 0.72 (y vs m), <0.11 (m vs a) | 8 y; 8 m; 8 a |
| u | Visual AA (D1: % AA) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (blocks) | ANOVATukey’s | 0.036 (age) <0.0001 (block) <0.0001 (age × block)Age: 0.029 (y vs a), 0.30 (y vs m), 0.35 (m vs a) | 9 y; 9 m; 6 a |
| v | Visual AA (D2: % AA) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) & win (blocks) | ANOVATukey’s | 0.002 (age) <0.0001 (block)0.74 (age × block) Age: 0.005 (y vs a), 0.98 (y vs m), 0.004 (m vs a) | 9 y; 9 m; 6 a |
| w | Visual AA (D1: slope (% AA/block) | One-factor, btw (age) | ANOVATukey’s | Age: 0.001 0.003 (y vs a), 0.91 (y vs m), 0.001 (m vs a) | 9 y; 9 m; 6 a |
| x | Visual AA (D2: slope (% AA/block) | One-factor, btw (age) | ANOVATukey’s | Age: 0.80 | 9 y; 9 m; 6 a |
| y | Multimodal and visual AA (D1 slope) and % BB in center | 1 AA and 1 locomotor variable: D1 slope (% AA/block) and % BB in center | Pearson’s r | p = 0.54 | 14 a |
| z | Visual AA (D1: % AA) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (blocks) | ANOVA | 0.92 (age) <0.0001 (block)0.65 (age × block) | 16 y; 19 a |
| aa | Visual AA (D2: % AA) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (blocks) | ANOVA | 0.099 (age) <0.0001 (block)0.27 (age × block) | 16 y; 19 a |
| ab | Visual AA (D1: slope (% AA/block) | One-factor, btw (age) | ANOVA | Age: 0.39 | 16 y; 19 a |
| ac | Visual AA (D2: slope (% AA/block) | One-factor, btw (age) | ANOVA | Age: 0.15 | 16 y; 19 a |
| ad | Spatial frequency threshold | One-factor, btw (age) | ANOVA | Age: p < 0.0001 | 16 y; 20 a |
| ae | Contrast sensitivity | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (spatial frequency) | ANOVA | p < 0.0001 (age) p < 0.0001 (spatial frequency) p < 0.0001 (age × spatial frequency) | 16 y; 20 a |
| af | Visual AA (D1 slope) and spatial frequency threshold | 1 AA and 1 spatial frequency variable: D1 slope (% AA/block) and spatial frequency threshold | Pearson’s r | p = 0.36 | 19 a |
| ag | Visual AA (D2 slope) and spatial frequency threshold | 1 AA and 1 spatial frequency variable: D2 slope (% AA/block) and spatial frequency threshold | Pearson’s r | p = 0.85 | 19 a |
| ah | Visual AA (D1 slope) and contrast sensitivity at 0.064 c/d | 1 AA and 1 contrast sensitivity variable: D1 slope (% AA/block) and contrast sensitivity at 0.064 c/d | Pearson’s r | p = 0.77 | 19 a |
| ai | Visual AA (D2 slope) and contrast sensitivity at 0.064 c/d | 1 AA and 1 contrast sensitivity variable: D2 slope (% AA/block) and contrast sensitivity at 0.064 c/d | Pearson’s r | p = 0.54 | 19 a |
| aj | % of clustered GFAP-positive tissue area | Two-factor, btw (age and environment) | ANOVATukey’s | 0.005 (age) 0.27 (environment)0.71 (age × environment) Age: 0.049 (y vs a), 0.45 (y vs m), 0.003 (m vs a) | 16 y; 16 m; 10 a |
| ak | Density of GFAP-positive clusters | Two-factor, btw (age and environment) | ANOVATukey’s | 0.007 (age) 0.065 (environment)0.67 (age × environment)Age: 0.065 (y vs a), 0.45 (y vs m), 0.005 (m vs a) | 16 y; 16 m; 10 a |
| al | Size of GFAP-positive clusters | Two-factor, btw (age and environment) | ANOVA | 0.27 (age) 0.11 (environment) 0.21 (age × environment) | 16 y; 15 m; 10 a |
| am | Shape factor of GFAP-positive clusters | Two-factor, btw (age and environment) | ANOVA | 0.35 (age) 0.47 (environment) 0.39 (age × environment) | 16 y; 15 m; 10 a |
| an | % of dark CD68-positive tissue area | Two-factor, btw (age and environment) | ANOVA Tukey’s | <0.0001 (age) 0.132 (environment) 0.088 (age × environment) Age: <0.0001 (y vs a), 0.461 (y vs m), <0.0001 (m vs a) | 16 y; 16 m; 9 a |
| ao | Density of CD68-positive dark objects | Two-factor, btw (age and environment) | ANOVA Tukey’s | <0.0001 (age) 0.17 (environment) 0.18 (age × environment) Age: <0.0001 (y vs a), 0.13 (y vs m), <0.0001 (m vs a) | 16 y; 16 m; 9 a |
| ap | Size of CD68-positive dark objects | Two-factor, btw (age and environment) | ANOVA Tukey’s | <0.0001 (age) 0.12 (environment) 0.75 (age × environment) Age: <0.0001 (y vs a), 0.79 (y vs m), <0.0001 (m vs a) | 16 y; 16 m; 9 a |
| aq | Shape factor of CD68-positive dark objects | Two-factor, btw (age and environment) | ANOVA Tukey’s | <0.0001 (age) 0.60 (environment) 0.24 (age × environment) Age: <0.0001 (y vs a), <0.0001 (y vs m), 0.47 (m vs a) | 16 y; 16 m; 9 a |
| ar | Visual AA (D1 slope) and % GFAP-positive cluster area | 1 AA and GFAP measure: D1 slope (% AA/block) and % GFAP-positive cluster area | Pearson’s r | p = 0.87 | 10 a |
| as | Visual AA (D1 slope) and % CD68-positive dark area | 1 AA and CD68 measure: D1 slope (% AA/block) and % CD68-positive dark area | Pearson’s r | p = 0.90 | 10 a |
| at | Number of c-Fos-positive cells (DG) | Two-factor, btw (age and environment) | ANOVA Tukey’s | 0.001 (age) 0.001 (environment) 0.30 (age × environment) Age: 0.004 (y vs a), 0.002 (y vs m), 0.97 (m vs a) Environment: 0.001 | 17 y; 17 m; 10 a |
| au | Number of c-Fos-positive cells (isocortex) | Two-factor, btw (age and environment) | ANOVA Tukey’s | 0.98 (age) <0.0001 (environment) 0.56 (age × environment) Environment: <0.0001 | 17 y; 17 m; 10 a |
| av | Number of c-Fos-positive cells (DG) and % BB in center | 1 c-Fos and 1 locomotor variable: number of c-Fos-positive cells (DG) and % BB in center | Pearson’s r | p = 0.47 | 10 a |
| aw | I–O relationship (EPSP slope) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (stimulus intensity) | ANOVA | 0.021 (age), <0.0001 (stimulus intensity), <0.0001 (age × stimulus intensity) | 20 y, 5 y; 30 a, 5 a |
| ax | PPR (p2/p1) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (ISI) | ANOVA | 0.024 (age), <0.0001 (ISI), <0.015 (age × ISI) | 22 a, 5 a; 30 a, 5 a |
| ay | LTP (EPSP slope) | Two-factor, mixed-design: btw (age) and win (number of TBSs) | ANOVA | 0.11 (age), <0.0001 (number of TBSs), <0.89 (age × number of TBS) | 12 y, 5y; 17 a, 5 a |
| az | LTP (EPSP slope; responses to 1 TBS pulse only) | One-factor, btw design (age) | ANOVA | 0.058 (age) | 12 y, 5 y; 17 a, 5 a |
y, Young; m, middle-aged; a, aged; btw, between-factor of the ANOVA; win, within-factor of the ANOVA; N depicts the number of animals, or the number of slices for electrophysiological experiments; D1 and D2 refer to day 1 and day 2 of training or testing, respectively; p2/p1, EPSP slope in response to the second pulse divided by the EPSP slope in response to the first pulse.